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Topic Review
The Relation of KLF11 to Cancers
KLF11 (Krüppel-like factor 11) belongs to the family of Sp1/Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors that play important roles in a variety of cell types and tissues. In carcinogenesis, KLF11 can show diverse effects. Its function as a tumor suppressor gene can be suppressed by phosphorylation of its binding domains via oncogenic pathways. However, KLF 11 itself can also show tumor-promoting effects and seems to have a crucial role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. 
  • 943
  • 29 Apr 2020
Topic Review
The Regulatory Roles of PPARs
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of transcription factors implicated in wide-ranging cellular functions, including lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses and cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • 325
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL
AXL is a member of the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that also includes TYRO3 and MER. This was the last family of RTKs to be identified and because their inactivation in mice resulted in rather mild phenotypes, their biological roles were slow to be characterized. 
  • 446
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Reason Breeding Companies Established Genebanks
Among the most important users of plant genetic resources, conserved predominantly in public genebanks around the world, are public and private plant breeders. Through their breeding efforts, they contribute significantly to global, regional, and local food and nutrition security. Plant breeders need genetic diversity to be able to develop competitive new varieties that are adapted to the changing environmental conditions and suit the needs of consumers. To ensure continued and timely access to the genetic resources that contain the required characteristics and traits, plant breeders established working collections with breeding materials and germplasm for the crops they were breeding. However, with the changing and increasingly more restrictive access conditions, triggered by new global legal instruments like the Convention on Biological Diversity/Nagoya Protocol and the International Treaty, plant breeders started to establish their own genebanks, to ensure continued and non-bureaucratic access.
  • 207
  • 28 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The RadScopal Technique to Treat Cancer
The RadScopalTM technique is an innovative treatment approach that combines high-dose radiotherapy (H-XRT) directed to a primary tumor with low-dose radiotherapy (L-XRT) applied to secondary tumor(s) in patients currently undergoing or who have progressed on immunotherapy. The goal of this approach is to turn the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) into an in-situ vaccine that primes T-cells, while modulating the tumor stroma of secondary/metastatic lesions to enhance the infiltration and antitumor functions of effector immune cells. Furthermore, L-XRT is capable of reducing TGF-β levels and polarizing macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotype, thereby counteracting disadvantages that may be induced by H-XRT.
  • 599
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Purinergic Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.1 million new cases and 1.8 million related deaths annually. More than 70% of LC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%, whereas the survival rate for patients with early-stage disease ranges from 50 to 70%. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine are components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Extracellular ATP (eATP) promotes tumor growth but also immune-mediated tumor eradication, mainly via the well-documented purinergic P2RX7 receptor. Adenosine, on the other hand, is generated from eATP via the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and is an immunosuppressant that acts at the A2A receptor (A2AR) level.
  • 332
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Proteomics Toolbox to Study Compartmentalized cAMP Signalling
cAMP is a second messenger that regulates a myriad of cellular functions in response to multiple extracellular stimuli. New developments in the field have provided exciting insights into how cAMP utilizes compartmentalization to ensure specificity when the message conveyed to the cell by an extracellular stimulus is translated into the appropriate functional outcome. cAMP signaling uses different mechanisms, including protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and protein phosphorylation, to relay, process, and translate signals into cellular responses. cAMP signaling compartmentalization heavily relies on the formation of local signaling domains where cAMP signaling components involved in a specific cellular response cluster together. Within such domains, cAMP signals are translated into specific cellular responses via the phosphorylation of target proteins. As such, mapping the domain interaction landscape and defining the downstream phosphorylation events are the key aspects of compartmentalized signaling studies.
  • 442
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Protein Corona
The prolific applicability of nanomaterials has made them a common citizen in biological systems, where they interact with proteins forming a biological corona complex. 
  • 482
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Proteasome System
The proteasome system is a large and complex molecular machinery responsible for the degradation of misfolded, damaged, and redundant cellular proteins. When proteasome function is impaired, unwanted proteins accumulate, which can lead to several diseases including age-related and neurodegenerative diseases. Enhancing proteasome-mediated substrate degradation with small molecules may therefore be a valuable strategy for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Proteasome Activator PA200/PSME4
Proteasomes comprise a family of proteasomal complexes essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. Accordingly, proteasomes represent promising therapeutic targets in multiple human diseases. Several proteasome inhibitors are approved for treating hematological cancers. Their side effects impede their efficacy and broader therapeutic applications. Therefore, understanding the biology of the different proteasome complexes present in the cell is crucial for developing tailor-made inhibitors against specific proteasome complexes. 
  • 447
  • 09 Sep 2022
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