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Topic Review
Halophyte Secondary Metabolites to Reshape Rhizosphere Halobacteria
To feed the ever-increasing population under changing climate scenarios, it is imperative to investigate the role of halophytes, which are equipped with special adaptation mechanisms to cope under extreme conditions of salinity. A systematic approach was developed that deciphers those metabolites involved in regulating the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of halophytes to salt stress.
  • 187
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Canonical and Non-Canonical Inflammasome Pathway in Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia is an obligately intracellular bacterium which is responsible for causing human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), a potentially lethal disease similar to toxic shock syndrome and septic shock syndrome. Several studies have indicated that canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation is a crucial pathogenic mechanism that induces dysregulated inflammation and host cellular death in the pathophysiology of HME. Mechanistically, the activation of canonical and non-canonical inflammasome pathways affected by virulent Ehrlichia infection is due to a block in autophagy. 
  • 175
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
MicroRNA/AKT3 Regulatory Axis in Human Cancers
Serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling regulates diverse cellular processes and is one of the most important aberrant cell survival mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Targeting AKT has become an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many cancers. AKT3 (PKBγ), the least studied isoform of the AKT family, has emerged as a major contributor to malignancy. AKT3 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, and many regulatory oncogenic or tumor suppressor small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), have recently been identified to be involved in regulating AKT3 expression.
  • 170
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Patient-Derived Preclinical Prostate Cancer Models
To understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer progression, acquired drug resistance, and the metastatic process, the use of preclinical in vitro models that faithfully summarize the properties of the tumor in patients is still a necessity. The tumor is represented by a diverse group of cell clones, and to reproduce in vitro preclinical tumor models, monolayer cell cultures have been supplanted by patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and cultured organoids derived from the patient (PDO). These models have proved indispensable for the study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interaction with tumor cells. 
  • 205
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders
Preimplantation genetic tests have a broad range of applications, conceptually divisible into two main areas: inherited disorders, where alterations can be found in the parents (PGT-M and PGT-SR), and de novo conditions, i.e., not inherited, as in the case of PGT-A. The objective of PGT-M testing is to avoid transferring embryos affected by a specific monogenic disease. This can only be achieved by selecting embryos that either do not carry the mutation or are healthy carriers (in the case of recessive diseases), as may occur in patients with a positive family or personal history for a monogenic condition. This necessitates a preliminary study tailored to each couple, involving family members. In general, PGT-M can be applied to the diagnosis of all hereditary monogenic diseases for which the responsible gene has been identified, one or two index cases are available, and a diagnostic linkage analysis protocol can be developed. Conversely, it is not indicated in cases of large gene deletions/duplications or de novo triplet expansions since the phasing of the at-risk haplotype is not feasible.
  • 222
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Penicillium roqueforti Secondary Metabolites
Penicillium roqueforti is a fungal starter culture used for the production of blue-veined cheeses, such as Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton, Cabrales, and Danablue. During ripening, this species grows in the veins of the cheese, forming the emblematic blue-green color and establishing the characteristic flavor owin to its biochemical activities. P. roqueforti synthesizes a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including the well-known compounds roquefortine C, clavine alkaloids, such as isofumigaclavine A and B, mycophenolic acid, andrastin A, and PR-toxin.
  • 277
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Underwater Image Enhancement
The complex underwater environment and light scattering effect lead to severe degradation problems in underwater images, such as color distortion, noise interference, and loss of details. To address the color distortion, noise interference, and loss of detail problems in underwater images, researchers propose a triple-branch dense block-based generative adversarial network (TDGAN) for the quality enhancement of underwater images.
  • 355
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Adiponectin as a Treatment Target for Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, presents a formidable global health challenge with its associated complications. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has emerged as a significant player in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Beyond its metabolic effects, adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and vasoprotective properties, making it an appealing therapeutic target for mitigating diabetic complications.
  • 149
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
DNA Damage Associated with Defective Genomic Recombination
During tissue turnover, the telomeres of cells undergoing differentiation can be damaged as a consequence of defective DNA repair caused by endogenous or exogenous agents. This may result in the emergence of new mechanism of telomere maintenance which is the final outcome of DNA damage and the initial signal that triggers malignant transformation. Instead, transformation of stem cells is directly induced by primary derangement of telomere maintenance mechanisms. The newly modified telomere complex may promote survival of cancer stem cells, independently of telomere maintenance. An inherent resistance of stem cells to transformation may be linked to specific, robust mechanisms that help maintain telomere integrity.
  • 222
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
RUNX Gene Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in humans, characterised by a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy, late diagnosis, and a high mortality rate. It is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The Runt-related (RUNX) family of transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3) participates in cardinal biological processes and plays paramount roles in the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies. Their role is often controversial as they can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and depends on cellular context. Evidence shows that deregulated RUNX genes may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis from the earliest to the latest stages.
  • 156
  • 24 Nov 2023
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