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Topic Review
Multi-Scale Imaging of the Dynamic Organization of Chromatin
Chromatin is regarded as a heterogeneous and dynamic structure occupying a non-random position within the cell nucleus, where it plays a key role in regulating various functions of the genome. In addition to challenging early assumptions of chromatin being regular and static, high spatiotemporal resolution imaging made it possible to visualize and characterize different chromatin structures such as clutches, domains and compartments. More specifically, super-resolution microscopy facilitates the study of different cellular processes at a nucleosome scale, providing a multi-scale view of chromatin behavior within the nucleus in different environments.
  • 298
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Microbial Consortia for Plant Protection against Diseases
Biological plant protection presents a promising and exciting alternative to chemical methods for safeguarding plants against the increasing threats posed by plant diseases. This approach revolves around the utilization of biological control agents (BCAs) to suppress the activity of significant plant pathogens. Microbial BCAs have the potential to effectively manage crop disease development by interacting with pathogens or plant hosts, thereby increasing their resistance.
  • 272
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
New Roles of Plant ARGONAUTE Proteins
ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins are a conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that act as core components of RNA silencing by loading small RNAs (sRNAs) derived from plants and other interacting organisms. sRNAs associate with AGOs to form RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), which target complementary RNA or DNA sequences to repress gene expression by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) or transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), respectively.
  • 269
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Current Techniques in Drug Delivery across Blood–Brain Barrier
Non-invasive drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a significant advancement in treating neurological diseases. The BBB is a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that shields the brain from harmful substances in the blood, allowing necessary nutrients to pass through. It is a highly selective barrier, which poses a challenge to delivering therapeutic agents into the brain. Several non-invasive procedures and devices have been developed or are currently being investigated to enhance drug delivery across the BBB.
  • 218
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Approaches to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture
Agriculture is the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG: methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions)-emitting sector after the energy sector. Agriculture is also recognized as the source and sink of GHGs. Livestock production and feed, nitrogen-rich fertilizers and livestock manure application, crop residue burning, as well as water management in flood-prone cultivation areas are components of agriculture that produce and emit most GHGs. Although agriculture produces 72–89% less GHGs than other sectors, it is believed that reducing GHG emissions in agriculture would considerably lower its share of the global GHG emission records, which may lead to enormous benefits for the environment and food production systems. 
  • 120
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Chitosan Derivatives
Chitosan has received much attention for its role in designing and developing novel derivatives as well as its applications across a broad spectrum of biological and physiological activities, owing to its desirable characteristics such as being biodegradable, being a biopolymer, and its overall eco-friendliness.
  • 337
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Anti-DNA Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Anti-DNA antibodies are hallmark autoantibodies produced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their pathogenetic role is not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that some anti-DNA antibodies enter different types of live cells and affect the pathophysiology of SLE by stimulating or impairing these cells.
  • 269
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Ultrastructural Features of Endothelial Cell Centrosome
The location of the centrosome near the center of the interphase cell, the concentration of various regulatory proteins in it, the organization of the centrosome radial system of microtubules through which intracellular transport is carried out by motor proteins and the involvement of the centrosome in the process of the perception of the external signals and their transmission make this cellular structure a universal regulatory and distribution center, controlling the entire dynamic morphology of an animal cell.
  • 235
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
MYD88 Wild Type in IgM Monoclonal Gammopathies
High frequencies of MYD88L265P mutation are observed in IgM monoclonal gammopathies, and specifically in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), indicating this mutation as a potential disease biomarker.
  • 233
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Diverse Immune Cells in Behçet’s Disease
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a complex, recurring inflammatory disorder with autoinflammatory and autoimmune components. This comprehensive review aims to explore BD’s pathogenesis, focusing on established genetic factors. Studies reveal that HLA-B*51 is the primary genetic risk factor, but non-HLA genes (ERAP1, IL-10, IL23R/IL-12RB2), as well as innate immunity genes (FUT2, MICA, TLRs), also contribute. Genome-wide studies emphasize the significance of ERAP1 and HLA-I epistasis. These variants influence antigen presentation, enzymatic activity, and HLA-I peptidomes, potentially leading to distinct autoimmune responses. 
  • 169
  • 27 Nov 2023
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