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Topic Review
Role of Phytohormones in Sugarcane Sucrose Metabolism
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is the chief source of sugar and biofuel globally and is prominent among cash crops. Sucrose is the main required product in sugarcane, and many studies have been performed to understand the phenomena of sucrose synthesis, metabolism, and accumulation in sugarcane. However, none of the studies concluded that a single gene is responsible for the sucrose content. Instead, a complex mechanism consisting of several genes, such as sucrose phosphate synthase genes (SPS1, SPS2, SPS4, SPS5), sucrose synthase genes (SuSy1, SuSy2, SuSy4), invertase genes (INV, CWIN, NIN1, CINV2), and phytohormone, trehalose, transcription factor (TF), protein kinase, and sugar transporter genes are working spatiotemporally in sugarcane. Plant hormones are the main regulatory tools involved in growth and development, which play a dominant role in integrating interior and exterior signals that temper development.
  • 391
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Protect Mammalian Sperm from the Spontaneous Acrosome Reaction
To acquire the capacity to fertilize the oocyte, mammalian spermatozoa must undergo a series of biochemical reactions in the female reproductive tract, which are collectively called capacitation. The capacitated spermatozoa subsequently interact with the oocyte zona-pellucida and undergo the acrosome reaction, which enables the penetration of the oocyte and subsequent fertilization. However, the spontaneous acrosome reaction (sAR) can occur prematurely in the sperm before reaching the oocyte cumulus oophorus, thereby jeopardizing fertilization. One of the main processes in capacitation involves actin polymerization, and the resulting F-actin is subsequently dispersed prior to the acrosome reaction. Several biochemical reactions that occur during sperm capacitation, including actin polymerization, protect sperm from sAR.
  • 377
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Ginger Extracts and Their Bioactive Compounds
Phytogenics such as ginger, wild marjoram, and cloves, along with their active components, have been shown to be effective and safe in animal production and thus serve as potential substitutes that could replace antibiotic growth promoters.
  • 265
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Lipid Droplets Accumulation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous dynamic organelles composed of a core of esterified neutral lipids, such as fatty acids (FAs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol and other sterol esters, retinyl esters, and ceramides esterified into acyl ceramides, enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer enriched in several proteins and then packaged by intermediate filament vimentin.
  • 331
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Adiponectin and Its Receptors Physiological Roles
Tthere has been a captivating focus of interest in elucidating the intricate crosstalk between adiponectin (APN), a versatile fat-associated adipokine and ocular pathologies. Unveiling the intricate relationship between adipocytokine APN and its receptors (AdipoRs) with aging eye disorders has emerged as a fascinating frontier in medical research. 
  • 158
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Genotype-Mediated Transposable Element Transposition Reactivation
Genetic diversity is a key factor for plant breeding. The birth of novel genic and genomic variants is also crucial for plant adaptation in nature. Therefore, the genomes of almost all living organisms possess natural mutagenic mechanisms. Transposable elements (TEs) are a major mutagenic force driving genetic diversity in wild plants and modern crops. The relatively rare TE transposition activity during the thousand-year crop domestication process has led to the phenotypic diversity of many cultivated species. The utilization of TE mutagenesis by artificial and transient acceleration of their activity in a controlled mode is an attractive foundation for a novel type of mutagenesis called TE-mediated biological mutagenesis.
  • 297
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
TATDN2
Replicative DNA polymerases are blocked by nearly all types of DNA damage. The resulting DNA replication stress threatens genome stability. DNA replication stress is also caused by depletion of nucleotide pools, DNA polymerase inhibitors, and DNA sequences or structures that are difficult to replicate. Replication stress triggers complex cellular responses that include cell cycle arrest, replication fork collapse to one-ended DNA double-strand breaks, induction of DNA repair, and programmed cell death after excessive damage. Replication stress caused by specific structures (e.g., G-rich sequences that form G-quadruplexes) is localized but occurs during the S phase of every cell division.
  • 484
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
WNT Signaling Pathways in Skin Development
The WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, adult tissue homeostasis maintenance, and stem cell regulation. Variations in skin conditions can influence the expression of the WNT signaling pathway.
  • 398
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Plant Species for Green Roofs in Mediterranean Area
Owing to intense urbanization and global change with the consequent extreme climate effects, interest in green roofs, even extensive ones, in the Mediterranean environment has increased. To this end, the choice of plant species is crucial because, owing to the identification of the most suitable plants, it will be possible to expand this type of green infrastructure and increase its ecosystem services in the urban environment.
  • 199
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Bacteria on 2-keto-L-gulonic Acid Production
Vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin with strong reducing power, cannot be synthesized by the human body and participates in a variety of important biochemical reactions. Vitamin C is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, health care, beverage, cosmetics, and feed industries, with a huge market demand. The classical two-step fermentation method is the mainstream technology for vitamin C production. D-sorbitol is transformed into L-sorbose by Gluconobacter oxydans in the first step of fermentation; then, L-sorbose is transformed into 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA) by a coculture system composed of Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and associated bacteria; and finally, 2-KGA is transformed into vitamin C through chemical transformation.
  • 232
  • 06 Dec 2023
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