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Topic Review
Vitamin D Deficiency
Vitamin D was found to counteract insulin resistance via  participation in the maintenance of normal resting reactive oxygen species level and regulation of Ca2+ level in many cell types. Both genomic and non-genomic action of vitamin D is directed to insulin signaling. Thereby, vitamin D  reduces the extent of pathologies associated with insulin resistance such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues, and in consequence the diminish of insulin resistance.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Probiotics in Obesity and IBD
The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics as live microorganisms can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. There is considerable evidence of their nutritional and immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate the association of probiotics with the F/B ratio, obesity, and IBD. Orally administered probiotics can contribute to the restoration of dysbiotic microbiota and to the prevention of obesity or IBD. However, as the effects of different probiotics on the F/B ratio differ, selecting the appropriate species or mixture is crucial.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Anomalocaridid
The Anomalocaridids comprise a group of very early marine animals known primarily from fossils found in Cambrian deposits in China , United States , Canada , Poland and Australia . They were long thought to be restricted to this Cambrian time range, but the discovery of large Ordovician specimens has extended this somewhat. The later Devonian Schinderhannes shows many anomalocaridid features. Although originally interpreted as an anomalocaridid-like arthropod, some recent studies suggest that it may represent an anomalocaridid: if so it would extend the group's record by some hundred million years: the non-mineralised anomalocaridid structure means they are absent from the intermediate fossil record. Anomalocaridids are the largest Cambrian animals known—some Chinese forms may have reached 2 m (7 ft) in length—and most of them were probably active carnivores.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Risk of Trigonelline in Coffee and Coffee By-Products
Trigonelline is a bioactive pyridine alkaloid that occurs naturally in high concentrations in coffee (up to 7.2 g/kg) and coffee by-products (up to 62.6 g/kg) such as coffee leaves, flowers, cherry husks or pulp, parchment, silver skin, and spent grounds. In the past, coffee by-products were mostly considered waste and discarded. However, the use of coffee by-products as food has attracted interest because of their economic and nutritional value and the environmental benefits of sustainable resource use. Their authorization as so-called novel foods in the European Union may lead to increased oral exposure of the general population to trigonelline. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Genetics of Primary Aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension, with a prevalence of 5–10% among patients with hypertension. PA is mainly classified into two subtypes: aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Recent developments in genetic analysis have facilitated the discovery of mutations in KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, CLCN2, and CTNNB1 in sporadic or familial forms of PA in the last decade. These findings have greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of excess aldosterone synthesis, particularly in APA. Most of the causative genes encode ion channels or pumps, and their mutations lead to depolarization of the cell membrane due to impairment of ion transport. Depolarization activates voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and intracellular calcium signaling and promotes the transcription of aldosterone synthase, resulting in overproduction of aldosterone. 
  • 1.2K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Application of Bioactive Compounds in the Food Industry
The fruit production and processing sectors produce tremendous amounts of by-products and waste that cause significant economic losses and an undesirable impact on the environment. The effective utilization of these fruit wastes can help to reduce the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions, thereby achieving sustainable development goals. These by-products contain a variety of bioactive compounds, such as dietary fiber, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, polysaccharides, and several other health-promoting nutrients and phytochemicals. These bioactive compounds can be extracted and used as value-added products in different industrial applications. The bioactive components extracted can be used in developing nutraceutical products, functional foods, or food additives.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Food Packaging
Metal oxide nanoparticles have a higher surface area due to their smaller size, which makes them useful in various applications such as biosensors, bio-nanotechnology, and nanomedicine. These nanoparticles have many atoms on their surfaces, making them highly reactive.  There is a huge demand for packaging materials that can keep food fresher for extended periods of time. The incorporation of nanoscale fillers in the polymer matrix would assists in the alleviation of packaging material challenges while also improving functional qualities.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), belonging to the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, is widely recognized for its uses in culinary and traditional medicine. C. sativum contains various phytochemicals such as polyphenols, vitamins, and many phytosterols, which account for its properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and analgesic effects.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Key Precursors of Brain Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA  is a principal substrate feeding tricarboxylic acid (TCA). cycle  and energy production. Brain displays high demand for energy due to high frequency of neuronal depolarizatio-repolarization cycles. Therefore, adequate provision of acetyl-CoA precursors is critical factor for proper neuronal activity and survival. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics is a computational mesh-free Lagrangian method developed by Gingold, Monaghan, and Lucy in 1977, initially intended for use in astrophysics.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Apr 2021
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