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Topic Review
Human Gut Microbiome and Quercetin
The existing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is capable of flavonoid biotransformation to generate bioactive metabolites including 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4,6-THBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC).
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Melatonin as a Neurotrophic Factor
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, is a hormone that synchronizes the internal environment with the photoperiod. It is synthesized in the pineal gland and greatly depends on the endogenous circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the retina’s exposure to different light intensities. Among its most studied functions are the regulation of the waking-sleep rhythm and body temperature. Furthermore, melatonin has pleiotropic actions, which affect, for instance, the modulation of the immune and the cardiovascular systems, as well as the neuroprotection achieved by scavenging free radicals.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Polyphenols and omega-3 as nutriceuticals
The adequate combination of the well-recognized individual nutraceutical properties of polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oils (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids), particularlly their single antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may offer a powerful tool for the design of successfully nutritional interventions for the prevention and palliation of a plethora of human diseases, often diet-related, whose etiology and progression are characterized by redox homeostasis disturbances and a low-grade of chronic inflammation. However, the certain mechanisms behind their biological activities, in vivo interaction (both between them and other food compounds), and their optimal doses and consumption are not well-known yet. Therefore, we review here the recent accumulated evidence in both preclinical and clinical trials, of the cooperative action between polyphenols and fish oils as nutraceuticals on human health, focusing on the mechanisms and pathways described and the effects reported. The final objective is to provide useful information for developing effective strategies of personalized nutrition based on the combined used of these bioactive food compounds.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Liposomes
Liposomes are small spherical particles composed mainly from different kind of lipids, which are organised in the form of one or more lipid bilayers.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Major Pathological Hallmarks of Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system which is characterized by demyelinating lesions and axonal damage. MS is a complex disease characterized by important pathophysiological heterogeneity affecting the clinical appearance, progression and therapeutic response for each patient. Therefore, there is a strong unmet need to define specific biomarkers that will reflect the different features of the disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental model for the study of MS, as it resembles the pathological features of human MS in many aspects and has allowed for the elucidation of pathogenesis pathways and the validation of certain targets for MS therapies. 
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
HBB Gene
Hemoglobin subunit beta
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Dec 2020
Topic Review
GAPDH-Mediated Autophagy
The cytosolic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has pleiotropic functions independent of its canonical role in glycolysis. The GAPDH functional diversity is mainly due to post-translational modifications in different amino acid residues or due to protein–protein interactions altering its localization from cytosol to nucleus, mitochondria or extracellular microenvironment. Non-glycolytic functions of GAPDH include the regulation of cell death, autophagy, DNA repair and RNA export, and they are observed in physiological and pathological conditions as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Penguin Visual System
Penguins require vision that is adequate for both subaerial and submarine environments under a wide range of illumination. Amphibious vision is facilitated by a relatively flat cornea, the power in air varying from 10.2 dioptres (D) to 41.3 D depending on the species, and there is good evidence for emmetropia both above and below water. All penguins are trichromats with loss of rhodopsin 2, a nocturnal feature, but only deeper diving penguins have been noted to have pale oil droplets and a preponderance of rods. Conversely, the diurnal, shallow-diving little penguin has a higher ganglion cell density (28,867 cells/mm2) and f-number (3.5) than those that operate in dimmer light. In most species studied, there is some binocular overlap, but this reduces upon submergence.
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Fungal Diagnostics
 For invasive fungal infections late diagnosis results in a poor prognosis. This review summarises the current state of the art in diagnostics used in medical mycology and anticipates the emergence of new generations of boiosensors that will provide new opportunities for rapid, sensitive detection of fungal infections.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Structure and Formation of Chitin
Due to the properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, physiological inertness, and gel-forming properties, chitin has been found to have countless applications in different industries, e.g., food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, manufacturing of synthetic materials, agriculture, and even electronics for the production of biosensors. It's important to understand the structure and formation of chitin.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Nov 2022
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