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Topic Review
Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein
The CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) in humans, specifically isoforms ZAP-L and ZAP-S, is a crucial component of the cell’s intrinsic immune response. ZAP acts as a post-transcriptional RNA restriction factor, exhibiting its activity during infections caused by retroviruses and alphaviruses.
  • 148
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Communication Competency in the Veterinary Curriculum
Effective communication skills are vital for successful veterinary practice and are a core component of veterinary programs. Veterinary schools design their programs to ensure that all veterinary graduates can demonstrate Day One competencies in clinical communication and provide evidence of this to accrediting bodies. The methods of teaching clinical communication in veterinary medicine have developed since this became a required part of the curriculum over two decades ago, and there is a growing evidence base for their effectiveness.
  • 234
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Potential Inducing Factors of Lipid Oxidation
With increasing environmental awareness and consumer demand for high-quality food products, industries are strongly required for technical innovations. The use of various emerging techniques in food processing indeed brings many economic and environmental benefits compared to conventional processes. However, lipid oxidation induced by some “innovative” processes is often “an inconvenient truth”, which is scarcely mentioned in most studies but should not be ignored for the further improvement and optimization of existing processes. Lipid oxidation poses a risk to consumer health, as a result of the possible ingestion of secondary oxidation products. 
  • 222
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition towards Clinical Applications in Cancer
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to metastasis by increasing cancer cell migration and invasion. At the cellular level, EMT-related morphological and functional changes are well established. At the molecular level, critical signaling pathways able to drive EMT have been described.
  • 239
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ayahuasca and Ibogaine
Ayahuasca is a traditional tea used by indigenous peoples from the Amazon basin, notably in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, for medical and mystical-religious purposes. Ibogaine is one of several alkaloids present in the iboga shrub (Tabernanthe iboga), a plant native to Central Africa that has been traditionally used for centuries in traditional medicine by people in countries like Gabon and Cameroon. Iboga is used by members of the Bwiti religion in initiation and religious rituals, usually by chewing or scraping the bark of its roots, and, at lower doses, its consumption is believed to have stimulating properties, used to mitigate sensations of fatigue, thirst, and hunger.
  • 214
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Flash Flood and Cold Injury of Bangladesh Rice
Rice cultivation in the low-lying basin-like wetlands, known as the Haor, is often affected by early flash floods during the first two weeks of April. The flooding is mainly caused by heavy rainfall and water surging downstream from the Meghalaya hills in India. This flash flood poses a significant threat to rice production, risking the country’s food security. Dry winter (Boro) rice is the primary food source throughout the year in the Haor region. Flash floods are the most catastrophic, affecting about 80% or even the entire rice yield. In 2017, a loss of 0.88 million metric tons of Boro rice in Haor regions cost the nation USD 450 million.
  • 274
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Functional T-Cell Changes with Aging, CMV Influence
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) latent infection and aging contribute to alterations in the function and phenotype of the T-cell pool. Researchers have demonstrated that CMV-seropositivity is associated with the expansion of polyfunctional CD57+ T-cells in young and middle-aged individuals in response to different stimuli. Researchers expand their results on the effects of age and CMV infection on T-cell functionality in a cohort of healthy middle-aged and older individuals stratified by CMV serostatus. Specifically, researchers studied the polyfunctional responses (degranulation, IFN-γ and TNF-α production) of CD4+, CD8+, CD8+CD56+ (NKT-like), and CD4-CD8- (DN) T-cells according to CD57 expression in response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB). 
  • 144
  • 20 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Tetrazoles as Antidiabetic Agents
Tetrazole heterocycle is a promising scaffold in drug design, and it is incorporated into active pharmaceutical ingredients of medications of various actions: hypotensives, diuretics, antihistamines, antibiotics, analgesics, and others. This heterocyclic system is metabolically stable and easily participates in various intermolecular interactions with different biological targets through hydrogen bonding, conjugation, or van der Waals forces.
  • 323
  • 20 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Green Biologics
Plants are increasingly used for the production of high-quality biological molecules for use as pharmaceuticals and biomaterials in industry. Plants have proved that they can produce life-saving therapeutic proteins (Elelyso™—Gaucher’s disease treatment, ZMapp™—anti-Ebola monoclonal antibodies, seasonal flu vaccine, Covifenz™—SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine); however, some of these therapeutic proteins are difficult to bring to market, which leads to serious difficulties for the manufacturing companies.
  • 240
  • 20 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nitrogen-Fixing and Phosphate-Solubilizing Soil Bacteria
Bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) live in plant tissues (e.g., tubers and roots) and at the soil–rhizosphere interface, and can supply the significant amounts of mineral nitrogen required for plant growth. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are known to increase the bioavailability of phosphorus from soil to plants, they solubilize inorganic phosphates and mineralize insoluble organic forms of phosphorus.
  • 320
  • 20 Dec 2023
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