Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Role of POMC Derivatives in Cardiovascular Function
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a significant contributor to CVD-related mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for MI. Stress activates the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and endogenous OPS. These pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives increase the blood glucose and cardiovascular response by inhibiting the PI3K/AkT insulin signaling pathway and increasing cardiac contraction. Sustained activation of the POMC derivatives may lead to developing myocardial infarction. Suffering from T2DM and stress increases the risk of developing CVD. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes, which is a state of blood glucose level being above normal but below the level of T2DM diagnosis. Research has shown that T2DM-related complications begin during prediabetes; therefore, there is a possibility of the dysregulation of the POMC derivatives during prediabetes and pathways that could lead to myocardial infarction.
  • 129
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Techniques for Emulsion Characterization
Emulsions have garnered significant attention within a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, food production, and cosmetics. The importance of emulsions across these sectors is attributed to their versatility and unique properties, such as increased interfacial area and the ability to deliver compounds insoluble in water or to mask the flavor of unpalatable ingredients. A comprehensive and precise assessment of the physicochemical properties, structural features, and stability of emulsions is an indispensable phase in the pursuit of new formulations and the improvement of manufacturing protocols. The characterization of emulsions encompasses an array of methodologies designed to determine their attributes, such as composition, texture, rheological and thermal properties, electrical conductivity, droplet size, size distribution, concentration, surface charge, and others.
  • 510
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Laboratory Tools to Predict CFTR Modulator Effectiveness
The implementation of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs into clinical practice has been attaining remarkable therapeutic outcomes for CF, a life-threatening autosomal recessive genetic disease. However, there is elevated CFTR allelic heterogeneity, and various individuals carrying (ultra)rare CF genotypes remain without any approved modulator therapy. Novel translational model systems based on individuals’ own cells/tissue are now available and can be used to interrogate in vitro CFTR modulator responses and establish correlations of these assessments with clinical features, aiming to provide prediction of therapeutic effectiveness.
  • 151
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
HILIC on Poly-Hydroxyl Stationary Phases in Protein-Rich-Food Supplements
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides are essential sources of dietary energy. In the food industry, certain monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose, and disaccharides like lactose, sucrose, and maltose, are known for their sweet taste. With the increasing prevalence of public health issues such as obesity and diabetes, it is essential to increase consumer awareness about sugar consumption and monitor the intake of processed foods.
  • 165
  • 14 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biomolecule Visualization
The structural characteristics of biomolecules are a major focus in the field of structural biology. Molecular visualization plays a crucial role in displaying structural information in an intuitive manner, aiding in the understanding of molecular properties. 
  • 182
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Cancer Metastasis from Physical Perspective
Tumor diseases become a huge problem when they embark on a path that advances to malignancy, such as the process of metastasis. Cancer metastasis has been thoroughly investigated from a biological perspective in the past, whereas it has still been less explored from a physical perspective. Until now, the intraluminal pathway of cancer metastasis has received the most attention, while the interaction of cancer cells with macrophages has received little attention. Apart from the biochemical characteristics, tumor treatments also rely on the tumor microenvironment, which is recognized to be immunosuppressive and, as has recently been found, mechanically stimulates cancer cells and thus alters their functions.
  • 214
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
cGLRs as a Novel Family of PRRs
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play critical roles in embryonic development, immune homeostasis, neurodevelopment, and neurodegeneration. PRRs are highly conserved germline-encoded proteins that recognize microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs) and death/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); thus, they regulate innate and adaptive immunity and contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases ranging from infections to cancers.
  • 131
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells
Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T (CD8+) cells are two of the most important types of immune cells in our body, protecting it from deadly invaders. While the NK cell is part of the innate immune system, the CD8+ cell is one of the major components of adaptive immunity. Still, these two very different types of cells share the most important function of destroying pathogen-infected and tumorous cells by releasing cytotoxic granules that promote proteolytic cleavage of harmful cells, leading to apoptosis.
  • 516
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Environmental Applications of Genetically Modified Viruses Reveals Challenges
The release of novel genetically modified (GM) virus applications into the environment for agricultural, veterinary, and nature-conservation purposes poses a number of significant challenges for risk assessors and regulatory authorities. Continuous efforts to scan the horizon for emerging applications are needed to gain an overview of new GM virus applications. In addition, appropriate approaches for risk assessment and management have to be developed and implemented. These approaches need to address pertinent challenges, in particular with regard to the environmental release of GM virus applications with a high probability for transmission and spreading, including transboundary movements and a high potential to result in adverse environmental effects. However, the current preparedness at the EU and international level to assess such GM virus application is limited.
  • 148
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
North American River Otter
The North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) is a charismatic and highly adaptable semi-aquatic mammal native to freshwater habitats across North America. Recognizable for its sleek, streamlined body, webbed feet, and playful behavior, this otter species is well-suited to its aquatic lifestyle. As a top predator in freshwater ecosystems, the North American River Otter plays a vital role in maintaining the health and balance of aquatic food webs.
  • 284
  • 08 Feb 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 1746
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback