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Topic Review
ACE2 Expression and COVID-19 Infection
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented threat to the international community and raised major concerns in terms of public health safety. Although our current understanding of the complexity of COVID-19 pathogenesis remains limited, the infection is largely mediated by the interaction of viral spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The functional importance of ACE2 in different demographic and comorbid conditions may explain the significant variation in incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in vulnerable groups, and highlights its candidacy as a potential therapeutic target.
  • 627
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
ACE2 Signaling Pathway and Processing during COVID-19 Infection
ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme) can be described as an enzyme, a transporter, and through its role as a receptor.
  • 536
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Aceruloplasminemia
Aceruloplasminemia is a disorder in which iron gradually accumulates in the brain and other organs. Iron accumulation in the brain results in neurological problems that generally appear in adulthood and worsen over time.
  • 601
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Acetic Acid in Ethanol-Induced in Regulating Cardiovascular Function
Acetic acid is a bioactive short-chain fatty acid produced in large quantities from ethanol metabolism. How acetic acid/acetate generates oxidative stress, alters the function of pre-sympathetic neurons, and can potentially influence cardiovascular function in both humans and rodents after ethanol consumption are described. 
  • 131
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Brief
Acetic acid-induced colitis is a well-established experimental model widely employed to study the pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, and underlying mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically ulcerative colitis (UC). This research comprehensively explores the utility of acetic acid-induced colitis as a research tool, covering its induction methods, histopathological features, immune responses, and applications in drug development.
  • 305
  • 08 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Acetylation
Acetylation, also known as acetylation or acetylation, refers to the chemical reaction of adding an acetyl functional group to an organic compound. Conversely, the reaction in which the acetyl group is removed is called deacetylation or deacetylation. Acetylation of proteins is a post-translational modification.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Acetylcholine Receptors
Acetylcholine is a widely distributed excitatory neurotransmitter. Within the human body, it is present in both branches of the autonomic nervous system: within the parasympathetic system in pre- and postganglionic cells, and within the sympathetic system in preganglionic cells. It is also a neurotransmitter at the periphery within the neuromuscular junction.
  • 550
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Achondrogenesis
Achondrogenesis is a group of severe disorders that affect cartilage and bone development. These conditions are characterized by a small body, short limbs, and other skeletal abnormalities. As a result of serious health problems, infants with achondrogenesis usually die before birth, are stillborn, or die soon after birth from respiratory failure. However, some infants have lived for a short time with intensive medical support.
  • 500
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is a form of short-limbed dwarfism. The word achondroplasia literally means "without cartilage formation." Cartilage is a tough but flexible tissue that makes up much of the skeleton during early development. However, in achondroplasia the problem is not in forming cartilage but in converting it to bone (a process called ossification), particularly in the long bones of the arms and legs. Achondroplasia is similar to another skeletal disorder called hypochondroplasia, but the features of achondroplasia tend to be more severe.
  • 566
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Achromatopsia
Achromatopsia is a condition characterized by a partial or total absence of color vision. People with complete achromatopsia cannot perceive any colors; they see only black, white, and shades of gray. Incomplete achromatopsia is a milder form of the condition that allows some color discrimination.
  • 365
  • 23 Dec 2020
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