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Topic Review
Trachodon Mummy
The Trachodon mummy is a fossilized natural mummy of Edmontosaurus annectens (originally known as Trachodon annectens), a duckbilled dinosaur. One of the finest dinosaur specimens so far discovered, it was the first including a skeleton encased in skin impressions from large parts of the body. This specimen has considerably influenced the scientific conception of duckbilled dinosaurs. Skin impressions found in between the fingers have been interpreted as evidence for an aquatic lifestyle; this hypothesis is now rejected. The mummy was found by fossil hunter Charles Hazelius Sternberg and his three sons near Lusk, Wyoming, United States in 1908. Although Sternberg was working under contract to the British Museum of Natural History, Henry Fairfield Osborn of the American Museum of Natural History managed to secure the mummy.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Small-Molecule Therapeutic for Progeria Treatment
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), or progeria, is an extremely rare disorder that belongs to the class of laminopathies, diseases characterized by alterations in the genes that encode for the lamin proteins or for their associated interacting proteins. In particular, progeria is caused by a point mutation in the gene that codifies for the lamin A gene. This mutation ultimately leads to the biosynthesis of a mutated version of lamin A called progerin, which accumulates abnormally in the nuclear lamina. This accumulation elicits several alterations at the nuclear, cellular, and tissue levels that are phenotypically reflected in a systemic disorder with important alterations, mainly in the cardiovascular system, bones, skin, and overall growth, which results in premature death at an average age of 14.5 years. Unlike the majority of the rare diseases, it has, since November 2020, a specific FDA approved drug, lonafarnib. However, this small molecule represents a treatment, but it does not cure the disease, and it has several limitations that make the development of new therapeutic strategies a critical need in the field. 
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Neural Crest Cells
The neural crest shows an astonishing multipotency, generating multiple neural derivatives, but also pigment cells, skeletogenic and other cell types. Here w consider how these multipotent cells may give rise to all those diverse cell-types.  
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Epigenetic Changes and Stress-Related Disorders
Stress is defined as a state of threatened or perceived as threatened homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that life-stress experiences can alter the epigenetic landscape and impact the function of genes involved in the regulation of stress response. More importantly, epigenetic changes induced by stressors persist over time, leading to increased susceptibility for a number of stress-related disorders.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Bio-Preservation of Bread: Adopting Wholesome Strategies
Bread is a food that is commonly recognized as a very convenient type of food, but it is also easily prone to microbial attack. As a result of bread spoilage, a significant economic loss occurs to both consumers and producers. The bakery industry has sought to identify treatments that make bread safe and with an extended shelf-life to address this economic and safety concern, including replacing harmful chemical preservatives. New frontiers, on the other hand, have recently been explored. Alternative methods of bread preservation, such as microbial fermentation, utilization of plant and animal derivatives, nanofibers, and other innovative technologies, have yielded promising results. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor(AhR)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a member of the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and well-known for its role in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Epithelial
Respiratory diseases are frequently characterised by epithelial injury, airway inflammation, de-fective tissue repair, and airway remodelling. This may occur in a subacute or chronic context, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or occur acutely as in pathogen challenge or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite the frequent challenge of lung homeostasis, not all pulmonary insults lead to disease. Traditionally thought of as a quiescent organ, emerging evidence highlights that the lung has significant capacity to respond to injury by repairing and replacing damaged cells. This occurs with the appropriate and timely resolution of inflammation and concurrent initiation of tissue repair programmes. Airway epithelial cells are key effectors in lung homeostasis and host defence; continual exposure to pathogens, toxins, and particulate matter challenge homeostasis, requiring robust defence and repair mechanisms. As such, the epithelium is critically involved in the return to homeostasis, orchestrating the resolution of inflammation and initiating tissue repair. 
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations that commonly a ects the pulmonary system and other organs including the eyes, skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis usually presents with persistent dry cough, eye and skin manifestations, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and erythema nodosum.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Capsaicinoids and Capsiate in Pepper
Capsaicinoids and capsinoids, which are bioactive compounds of interest, are  responsible for the level of pungency of chili peppers, which is one of their most important commercial traits. Both capsaicinoids and capsinoids have received great attention from consumers because of their extensive pharmacological and physiological effects, i.e., antitumor, antioxidant, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Combining Experimental and Computational Methods
The integration of experimental and computational methods can assist and enrich the interpretation of the experimental results, providing new detailed molecular understanding of the systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jan 2021
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