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Topic Review
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain
Congenital insensitivity to pain is a condition that inhibits the ability to perceive physical pain.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Dioxin in Kidney Disease
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of hormone-like chemicals that exist in the environment and interfere with the production, transport, metabolism, regulation, degradation, and/or action of hormones. The kidney is one of the most important organs in the urinary system and an accumulation point. Dioxins were identified as toxic compounds in the 1960s. Dioxins are a group of structurally related chemicals composed of two coplanar benzene rings.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important oxidation molecule regulating aerobic metabolism. Redox signals include physiological oxidative stress (EU stress), and excessive oxidative stress can damage molecules. The main enzyme sources of H2O2 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase or NADPH oxidase (NOx), mitochondrial respiratory chain and various kinds of oxidase. NOx family consists of seven enzyme subtypes, which produce a superoxide anion (O2 -) which can be converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase or spontaneously. H2O2 passes through the membrane through some aquaporin (AQP), which is called porphyrin hydroperoxide. It diffuses in cells and tissues, triggering cellular effects such as proliferation, immune cell recruitment and morphological changes. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Plant Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture
There is no human nutrition without crop production, which itself must be supported by proper and sufficient plant nutrients. These plant nutrients can play a crucial role in sustainably promoting agricultural production on cultivated lands, facilitating soil carbon sequestration, and taking pressure off global peatlands and forests
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Honey Bees
Honey bees play a pivotal role in the sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity. Many factors including parasites, pathogens, pesticide residues, forage losses, and poor nutrition have been proposed to explain honey bee colony losses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of honey bees and their role has been consistently reported in the literature. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
MRNA Encoded Antibodies
The field of mRNA has made significant progress in the last ten years and has emerged as a highly attractive means of encoding and producing any protein of interest in vivo. Through the natural role of mRNA as a transient carrier of genetic information for translation into proteins, in vivo expression of mRNA-encoded antibodies offer many advantages over recombinantly produced antibodies.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Influence of Sulfur on the Origin of Life
Sulfur is not only one of the most abundant elements on the Earth, but it is also essential to all living organisms. As life likely began and evolved in a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-rich environment, sulfur metabolism represents an early form of energy generation via various reactions in prokaryotes and has driven the sulfur biogeochemical cycle since. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Non-Spiking Neuron
Non-spiking neurons are neurons that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems and function as intermediary relays for sensory-motor neurons. They do not exhibit the characteristic spiking behavior of action potential generating neurons. Non-spiking neural networks are integrated with spiking neural networks to have a synergistic effect in being able to stimulate some sensory or motor response while also being able to modulate the response.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Montology
"Montology" is the holistic, integrative and transdisciplinary science of mountains, inclusive of physical, social, theoretical and empirical disciplines, as well as humanities and arts associated with mountainscapes.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia, a geriatric disease characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and loss of muscle function, consists of a rising, often undiagnosed health problem.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jan 2022
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