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Topic Review
Predatory and Defensive Strategies in Cone Snails
Cone snails are specialized carnivorous marine mollusks that can be found in coral reef areas, from shallow intertidal to deeper waters, and spread across the tropical Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. They are classified as gastropods within the Conidae family, which feature hollow radular teeth and venom glands. They use a complex venom mixture to paralyze and hunt fish, mollusks, and worms.
  • 53
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms
Under the Climate Change scenario, the occurrence of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCBs) is an increasingly concerning problem. Particularly for inland freshwaters, that have human populations depending on them for consumption or recreation, HCBs can lead to serious ecological damages and socio-economic impacts, but also to health risks for local communities. 
  • 70
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Characterization and Biodegradation Role of the Copepod-Associated Microbiome
Copepods are the most abundant organisms in marine zooplankton and the primary components of the food chain. They are hotspots for highly adaptable microorganisms, which are pivotal in biogeochemical cycles. The microbiome, encompassing microorganisms within and surrounding marine planktonic organisms, holds considerable potential for biotechnological advancements. Despite marine microbiome research interests expanding, the understanding of the ecological interactions between microbiome and copepods remains limited.
  • 82
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Marine Chitin/Chitosan and Collagen Value Chains
Chitin/chitosan and collagen are two of the most important bioactive compounds, with applications in the pharmaceutical, veterinary, nutraceutical, cosmetic, biomaterials, and other industries. When extracted from non-edible parts of fish and shellfish, by-catches, and invasive species, their use contributes to a more sustainable and circular economy. 
  • 130
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Underwater Image Enhancement
The complex underwater environment and light scattering effect lead to severe degradation problems in underwater images, such as color distortion, noise interference, and loss of details. To address the color distortion, noise interference, and loss of detail problems in underwater images, researchers propose a triple-branch dense block-based generative adversarial network (TDGAN) for the quality enhancement of underwater images.
  • 192
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biological Properties of Marine Cyanobacteria
Marine cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photosynthetic microbes dating back to 3.5 million years ago. They are prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites.
  • 588
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Symbiotic Bacillota (Firmicutes) of Marine Macroalgae
The shift from the terrestrial to the marine environment to discover natural products has given rise to novel bioactive compounds, some of which have been approved for human medicine. However, the ocean, which makes up nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface, contains macro- and microorganisms whose natural products are yet to be explored. Among these underexplored marine organisms are macroalgae and their symbiotic microbes, such as Bacillota, a phylum of mostly Gram-positive bacteria previously known as Firmicutes. Macroalgae-associated Bacillota often produce chemical compounds that protect them and their hosts from competitive and harmful rivals.
  • 160
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Peptides from Photosynthetic Marine Organisms
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides that may be promising candidates to replace antibiotics because they are the first line of defense in animals against a wide variety of pathogens and have no negative effects; they also show additional activities such as antioxidant or immunoregulatory functions, which makes them powerful alternatives for use in aquaculture. AMPs are highly available in natural sources and have already been used in the livestock farming and food industries.
  • 167
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Seagrass
ٍSeagrass is a type of aquatic plants that grow in a wide variety of marine habitats. Seagrasses are specifically adapted to thrive in shallow and transparent seawater environments to access ample sunlight for their photosynthetic processes. This unique botanical group plays a crucial ecological role in coastal ecosystems and is distinguishable from macroalgae due to its vascular plant characteristics and its capacity to form underwater meadows in coastal waters.
  • 200
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Marine Actinomycetes Antifouling Agents
Marine actinomycetes produce a multitude of active metabolites, some of which acquire antifouling properties. These antifouling compounds have chemical structures that fall under the terpenoids, polyketides, furanones, and alkaloids chemical groups. These compounds demonstrate eminent antimicrobial vigor associated with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm potentialities against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. They have also constrained larval settlements and the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, suggesting a strong anti-macrofouling activity. Despite their promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, scaled-up production of natural antifouling agents retrieved from marine actinomycetes remains inapplicable and challenging. This might be attributed to their relatively low yield, the unreliability of in vitro tests, and the need for optimization before scaled-up manufacturing. 
  • 132
  • 06 Nov 2023
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