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Topic Review
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Honey
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a relapsing vaginal fungal infection caused by Candida species. In 57% of the cases, relapses occur within six months after fluconazole maintenance therapy, which is the current standard of care. The pathogenesis of RVVC is multifactorial, and recent studies have demonstrated that the vaginal microenvironment and activity of the immune system have a strong influence on the disease. 
  • 592
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic tumor and is generally resistant to conventional treatments. Stable cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important cellular components in the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment and may provide novel resources for future treatment strategies. Different subtypes of CAFs display specific functions in tumor pathogenesis and various CAF markers suggest potential treatment targets. Several clinical or preclinical trials have targeted stromal fibroblasts and focused on the properties of CAFs to enhance ovarian cancer treatment efficacy. 
  • 582
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation[5].
  • 580
  • 30 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Cervical Length and Preterm Birth
Preterm birth is considered one of the main etiologies of neonatal death, as well as short- and long-term disability worldwide.
  • 579
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Crosslink among Intestinal Microbiota
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a set of metabolic complications arising from adaptive failures to the pregnancy period. Estimates point to a prevalence of 3 to 15% of pregnancies. Its etiology includes intrinsic and extrinsic aspects the progenitress, which may contribute to the pathophysiogenesis of GDM. Recently, researchers have identified that the intestinal microbiota participates in the development of the disease, both through its influence on insulin resistance, as well as on pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory products, which are potentially harmful to the health of the maternal-fetal binomial, in the short and long term.In this context, our objective was to gather evidence on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, through the use of probiotics and prebiotics, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can mitigate the endogenous processes of GDM, favoring the health of the mother and her children and , in a future perspective, to alleviate this critical public health problem.
  • 578
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Fertility after Cancer
Approximately one million new cases of cancer are diagnosed in women of reproductive age every year. In the last few decades, advances in early diagnosis and treatment have improved the survival rate. However, the adverse effects of anticancer therapy on the ovaries and uterus have a significant impact on future fertility and may affect the quality of life of cancer survivors. Impaired fertility in cancer survivors is a growing issue that is complicated by an increasing number of women delaying childbearing.
  • 575
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
The pathogenesis of preeclampsia begins when a fertilized egg infiltrates the decidua, resulting in implantation failure (e.g., due to extravillous trophoblast infiltration disturbance and abnormal spiral artery remodeling). Thereafter, large amounts of serum factors (e.g., soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin) are released into the blood from the hypoplastic placenta, and preeclampsia characterized by multiorgan disorder caused by vascular disorders develops. Successful implantation and placentation require immune tolerance to the fertilized egg as a semi-allograft and the stimulation of extravillous trophoblast infiltration. Recently, exosomes with diameters of 50–100 nm have been recognized to be involved in cell–cell communication. Exosomes affect cell functions in autocrine and paracrine manners via their encapsulating microRNA/DNA and membrane-bound proteins. The microRNA profiles of blood exosomes have been demonstrated to be useful for the evaluation of preeclampsia pathophysiology and prediction of the disease. In addition, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have been found to have cancer-suppressing effects. These exosomes may repair the pathophysiology of preeclampsia through the suppression of extravillous trophoblast apoptosis and promotion of these cells’ invasive ability. Exosomes secreted by various cells have received much recent attention and may be involved in the maintenance of pregnancy and pathogenesis of preeclampsia. 
  • 561
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Formula Milk Feeding in Premature Infants
Formula milk is a good nutritional option, due to its higher caloric density and protein content. 
  • 559
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The EPH/Ephrin System in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies and the fifth most common cause of tumor-related deaths in women in the United States. For 2021, the American Cancer Society estimates the incidence of OC at 21,410 cases and the OC-related deaths at 13,770 in the US. OC includes several histological types. Epithelial carcinomas comprise the vast majority of OCs, with high-grade serous OC representing the most common morphological subtype. Lack of specific symptoms of the disease at its early stages is a significant factor contributing to the typical advanced stage of the tumor at diagnosis, after metastasis has already occurred. Consequently, the 5-year survival rate for women diagnosed with invasive epithelial OC in a distant Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) stage amounts to 31%. In spite of the substantial research efforts, the molecular mechanisms of OC’s origin, initiation and progression still remain largely unclear. Given the lack of effective diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, it is hence of utmost importance to identify new molecular markers involved in the pathogenesis of OC with a view to offering novel, targeted, biological therapeutic approaches.
  • 559
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Techniques in Endometrial Cancer
Lymph node status is important in predicting the prognosis and guiding adjuvant treatment in endometrial cancer. However, previous studies showed that systematic lymphadenectomy conferred no therapeutic values in clinically early-stage endometrial cancer but might lead to substantial morbidity and impact on the quality of life of the patients. The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node that tumor cells drain to, and sentinel lymph node biopsy has emerged as an acceptable alternative to full lymphadenectomy in both low-risk and high-risk endometrial cancer.
  • 557
  • 23 Nov 2022
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