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Topic Review
Nutrition in Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors in women. They pose significant public health concerns due to their prevalence and impact on women's quality of life. It's important to investigates various dietary components and their potential roles in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of uterine fibroids.
  • 278
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications. It is related to several gestational and fetal adverse outcomes. Moreover, women with GDM and their infants have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors that contribute to its development are oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation are related; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can activate inflammatory cells and enhance the production of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation, in turn, leads to an increased ROS release, causing a vicious circle to ensue. Inflammatory responses can be achieved via the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
  • 513
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Evolution of Fetal Cardiac Imaging
The evaluation of a variety of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound with different software, such as Cristal Vue, Realistic Vue, LumiFlow, and Spatiotemporal Image Correlation (STIC), with HDlive and HDlive Flow Silhouette modes. These technologies provide realistic images of the fetal heart and cardiac vessels using a fixed virtual light source that allows the operator to freely select a better light source position to enhance the cardiovascular anatomical details. In addition, Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE) technology, also known as “5D Heart” or “5D”, is a technology that enables the automatic reconstruction of the nine standard fetal echocardiographic views and can alert non-specialists to suspected CHD. Through the use of artificial intelligence, an ultrasound machine is able to perform automatic anatomical and functional measurements. In addition, these technologies enable the reconstruction of fetal cardiac structures in realistic images, improving the depth perception and resolution of anatomic cardiac details and blood vessels compared to those of standard two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound.
  • 228
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Dedifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma
In a neoplasm, dedifferentiation is characterised by the presence of a high-grade neoplasm which can occur de novo, be juxtaposed to, or arise as a recurrence of a previously well-differentiated tumour. Usually, this occurrence results in mesenchymal neoplasms. In epithelial malignant neoplasms, dedifferentiation has been observed in salivary gland carcinomas including adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. In addition, dedifferentiated carcinomas have been reported in the pancreas and in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. In the female genital tract, dedifferentiated carcinoma have been described in the endometrium and ovary. Histologically, this entity is characterised by both low-grade endometrioid carcinoma and a solid undifferentiated component.
  • 213
  • 26 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Cancer Predisposition Syndromes
Cancer Predisposition Syndromes (CPSs), also known as Hereditary Cancer Syndromes (HCSs), represent a group of genetic disorders associated with an increased lifetime risk of developing cancer.
  • 277
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Physiological and Anatomical Changes of Pregnancy
During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes various changes, both physiological and anatomical, necessary to meet the increased metabolic needs in order to support the growing fetus, for its harmonious development and also to prepare the body for birth. It has been observed that the first changes appear in the first trimester of pregnancy and intensify once the final term is reached and return to normal a few weeks after birth. The physiological changes produced by pregnancy are generally well tolerated by healthy women, but certain changes are still likely to aggravate different pathologies or give rise to a variety of disorders, especially musculoskeletal, which is the most common in pregnancy. A woman’s body undergoes major changes during pregnancy in all organs to support both the mother and the fetus.
  • 311
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Cutaneous Metastasis of Endometrial Cancer and Long-Term Survival
The most prevalent gynecologic cancer is endometrial cancer. In 2018, there were 121,600 new cases of this cancer diagnosed in Europe, roughly 6.6% of all malignancies found in women. A total of 29,600 gynecologic-cancer-related deaths are predicted to occur each year, accounting for over 3.5% of all cancer-related deaths.
  • 218
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Mechanism of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Endometriosis
Endometriosis, which is the presence of endometrial stroma and glands outside the uterus, is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecologic diseases in reproductive women. Patients with endometriosis suffer from various pain symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain. The pathophysiology for chronic pain in patients with endometriosis has not been fully understood. Altered inflammatory responses have been shown to contribute to pain symptoms.
  • 167
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Experimental Therapeutic Strategies for Thin Endometrium
Infertility caused by a thin endometrium remains a significant challenge in assisted reproduction and is often associated with a low success rate after treatment with assisted reproductive technology. There is a lack of consensus in the field concerning both its diagnostic criteria and clinical management. The available treatment options are few with limited efficacy. Advances in cell therapy and bioengineering have, however, shown promising results for the treatment of a thin endometrium. Notably, these novel interventions have demonstrated the ability to increase endometrial thickness, restore endometrial function, and improve reproductive outcomes.
  • 189
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Radiomics in Gynaecological Imaging
Radiomics is an emerging field of research based on extracting mathematical descriptive features from medical images with the aim of improving diagnostic performance and providing increasing support to clinical decisions. A number of studies have been published regarding different possible applications of radiomics in gynaecological imaging. Many fields have been explored, such as tumour diagnosis and staging, differentiation of histological subtypes, assessment of distant metastases, prediction of response to therapy, recurrence, and patients’ outcome. 
  • 155
  • 03 Nov 2023
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