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Topic Review
Oral Papillomatosis
Oral papilloma lesions may appear as a result of HPV infection, or not, and only special molecular methods could differentiate them. Low-risk and high-risk HPV types could induce oral HPV papillomatosis with different natural evolution, clearance and persistence mechanisms. The pathogenic mechanisms are based on the crosstalk between the oral epithelial and immune cells and this very efficient virus. According to the degree of malignity, three types of papillomatous lesions can be described in the oral cavity: benign lesions, potential malign disorders and malignant lesions. The precise molecular diagnostic is important to identify the presence of various virus types and also the virus products responsible for its oncogenicity. An accurate diagnostic of oral papilloma can be established through a good knowledge of etiological and epidemiological factors, clinical examination and laboratory tests. 
  • 480
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
CAD/CAM Abutments versus Stock Abutments
CAD/CAM abutments allow individualization of abutment parameters with respect to soft tissue, allow increased fracture toughness, predict the failure mode, show no change in the fracture toughness over time, reduce the prosthetic steps, and reduce the functional implant prosthesis score and pain perceived by patients in the early stages. The advantages associated with the use of stock abutments mainly concern the risk of corrosion, time spent, cost, and fit, evaluated in vitro, in the implant–abutment connection. Equal conditions are present regarding the mechanical characteristics during dynamic cycles, screw loss, radiographic fit, and degree of micromotion.
  • 418
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Marine Biopolymer Alginate in Endodontics
Alginate is a natural marine biopolymer that has been widely used in biomedical applications, but research on its use as an endodontic material is still sparse in the literature. Alginate or salt of alginic acid is one of the most abundant biopolymeric hydrocolloids derived primarily from seaweeds. In dentistry, hydrocolloid alginate has been commonly employed as a dental impression material to make gypsum casts for various treatment purposes, including provisional crowns and bridges, orthodontic study models, mouth guards, bleaching trays, and removable dental prostheses.
  • 457
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Outcomes of Titanium and Zirconia Implant Abutments
The characteristics of the implant prosthetic abutment are an influential factor which may impact early bone remodeling and soft tissue integration. The abutment material influences the response of both the soft and hard tissues surrounding an implant, making the choice of the prosthetic abutment a crucial phase for the success of implant-supported rehabilitations.
  • 621
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Jaw following Ablative Surgery
The reconstruction and rehabilitation of jaws following ablative surgery have been transformed by the development of computer-assisted surgery and virtual surgical planning. With strides made in computer-assisted surgery and patient-specific implants, the individual functional reconstruction of the jaw is evolving rapidly and the prompt rehabilitation of both the masticatory function and aesthetics after jaw resection has been made possible.
  • 485
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Home Oral Care of Children
Tooth decay remains one of the most common diseases in children. The oral health status of children can be influenced by many different factors related to their oral health practices, but also to parental factors.
  • 363
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Current Salivary Glands Biopsy Techniques
Biopsy is a surgical procedure performed to collect a portion of tissue or organ for diagnostic studies. A search was performed using the following MeSH terms: biopsy, fine-needle biopsies, image-guided biopsies, frozen sections, and salivary glands disease. A current overview of major and minor salivary glands biopsy techniques was provided. In the oncological field, a comparison was made between the most widely used biopsy method, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB), and an alternative method, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-guided CNB), highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, intra-operative frozen sections (IOFSs) were presented as an additional intraoperative diagnostic method. Minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) is the simplest diagnostic method used by clinicians in the diagnosis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In neoplastic lesions, US-FNAB represents the most performed method; however, due to its low diagnostic accuracy for non-neoplastic specimens, US-guided CNB has been introduced as an alternative method. 
  • 307
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Resin-Dentine Interfaces in Polymeric Dental Adhesives
Restorative and adhesive dentistry has witnessed extraordinary improvements after the innovations in contemporary adhesive materials. These new adhesive systems do not require any mechanical retention through features such as dovetails, grooves, sharp internal angles, and undercuts. For the success of modern restorative dentistry, these adhesive systems play a critical role, as sound tooth structure would be preserved using these newer systems. In addition, by using these contemporary and advanced adhesive systems, secondary caries due to microleakage may be reduced or eliminated.
  • 524
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Microenvironment in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
The microenvironment of Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) refers to the ecosystem that surrounds the potentially malignant cells. It is a complex structure comprised of cellular and non-cellular components. Cellular components include potentially malignant cells, normal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. While the non-cellular environment is composed of molecules including cytokines and cell surface molecules, and structures such as blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. According to its multi-dimensional characteristics, the microenvironment can be categorized into the immune, metabolic, mechanical, and neural microenvironment. The microenvironment of OPMDs is closely related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression by regulating the immune response, cell metabolism, mechanical trait, and neural activity.  Meanwhile, it also undergoes extensive changes during the carcinogenesis of OPMDs and gradually develops into an immunosuppressive, acidic, and stiff one. In addition, there is a wide range of interactions among immuno–metabolic–mechanical–neural microenvironments, which regulate the carcinogenesis of OPMDs synergistically.
  • 435
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Dental and Periodontal Tissues
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are significant proteases, of evident contribution in dental and periapical tissue development, health and disease processes, with promising potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers. Continuing understanding of their role in pathogenesis and progress of different dental, periapical and periodontal lesions, as well as in dentine-pulp wound healing could be a keystone to future diagnostic and therapeutic regimens.
  • 598
  • 25 Aug 2022
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