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Topic Review
Anti-tumor Photodynamic Therapy
Anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique oxidative stress-based modality that has proven highly effective on a variety of solid malignancies. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has a critical role in the therapeutic outcome of this modality.
  • 512
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Short Implants in Sites without Bone Augmentation
Moderate evidence exists suggesting that short implants perform as well as longer ones in the rehabilitation of edentulous sites without the need for bone augmentation. Further long-term, well-designed RCTs, however, are still needed to provide specific evidence-based clinical recommendations for extended use of short implants in non-atrophic sites. 
  • 510
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Photobiomodulation in Management of Temporomandibular Joint Pain
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is the third most prevalent chronic pain condition worldwide after tension headache and backbone. The TMJ’s position and structure make it an intersection of information and influences that expand throughout the body. Therefore, joint injury generally affects systemic health and leads to serious symptoms and disorders known as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an effective tool in alleviating TMDs’ pain and increasing the range of movement in patients with Axis 1 of TMDs. However, TMDs’ pain related to underlying pathology cannot be solely treated by PBM. The causative factors must be treated first. 
  • 506
  • 30 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Technologies for Dentin Caries Detection
To enable conservative caries management, it is imperative that caries are detected at a non-cavitated stage. Non-cavitated caries lesions (NCCLs) have the surface of enamel still intact but in depth they can reach the enamel or dentin level. The shortcomings of traditional visual and radiographic methods to detect NCCLs highlight the need for further investigation of alternative methods for caries detection.
  • 504
  • 14 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Nanoparticles in Dentistry
Interest in the topic of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials used in dentistry is growing in research as well as clinical settings. An increasing number of nanomaterials have been developed and tested, enabling novel solutions unavailable in dentistry before. The shape and size of these particles influences the physicochemical properties of a substance, which in turn impacts their absorption characteristics. Nanomaterials have unique structures and properties that distinguish them from other materials. In the dental field, nanoparticles have a variety of applications, such as nanocomposites, antimicrobial nanomaterials and bio-mineralization systems.
  • 504
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Solvents in Non-Surgical Endodontic Retreatment
Non-surgical endodontic retreatment is a reliable conservative option for managing post-treatment apical periodontitis. However, effective microbial control, based on the maximization of filling removal and disinfection protocols, is not yet predictable. Traditional gutta-percha solvents, which are indistinctively used for both the core and sealer filling materials, became obsolete due to unprecedented advances in endodontic technology. Nonetheless, microtomography, scanning electronic microscopy findings, and histobacteriological analysis tend to confirm the persistence of filling materials and the lack of association between root canal enlargement and superior disinfection. There is a controversy regarding the most suitable clinical protocols surrounding the shaping procedures and the supplementary disinfection steps.
  • 503
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Cranial and Odontological Methods for Sex Estimation
The estimation of sex from osteological remains can be achieved using three major types of methods: morphological assessment (non-metric) of teeth and bone traits that exhibit dimorphic features, morphometric assessment (by measuring specific quantifiable features of bones and teeth) and biochemical analysis.
  • 503
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Reducing Antifungal Resistance in Dentistry with Phytotherapy
Microorganisms of fungal origin currently show resistance to the different antifungals of conventional use, which is undoubtedly altering the oral health of human beings, but there are new therapeutic possibilities such as the active principles of various natural species. In this situation, a therapeutic option of great validity could be the use of various active components that are found in different vegetable species, which is an alternative that might decrease both the side effects that are present when using conventional drugs and the resistance to different medicines
  • 503
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Fluoride (NaF) in Dentistry
Fluoride is well known for its use in the treatment of dental caries, either systemically or topically. Fluoride intake (such as in drinking water, fluoridated toothpaste, or fluoride supplements) is the cornerstone to preventing dental caries in adults and children. Fluoride prevents dental caries by slowing down the demineralization of enamel, which is caused by the interaction between dental plaque and dental hard tissues. Fluoride may inhibit tooth decay by 40–60% by co-precipitating calcium and phosphate ions and by enhancing the precipitation of fluoridated apatite. Fluoride is also found deposited as calcium fluoride in dental plaque, which helps to prevent dental caries.
  • 501
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis on Biomaterials
It was found that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was frequently found at the peri-implantitis site. P. gingivalis is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, and non-spore-forming bacterium with several virulence factors: hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulfatase enzymes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) capsule, fimbriae, collagenase, and aminopeptidase.
  • 500
  • 02 Sep 2022
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