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Topic Review
First Grinnell Expedition
The First Grinnell Expedition of 1850 was the first American effort, financed by Henry Grinnell, to determine the fate of the lost Franklin Polar Expedition. Led by Lieutenant Edwin De Haven, the team explored the accessible areas along Franklin's proposed route. In coordination with British expeditions, they identified the remains of Franklin's Beechy Island winter camp, providing the first solid clues to Franklin's activities during the winter of 1845 before becoming icebound themselves.
  • 236
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
UN-SPIDER
UN-SPIDER ("United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response") is a platform which facilitates the use of space-based technologies for disaster management and emergency response. It is a programme under the auspices of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).
  • 233
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Hot Container Composting
Hot container composting (also referred to as in-vessel composting for larger industrial batches) is different to cold composting, in that compost is created without losing valuable heat. Heat loss is the reason why a compost pile takes so long to decompose. Observers have noted that the time taken to create compost can be dramatically reduced by retaining the heat in a suitably insulated container. Another observation noted is the way the compostable items are added and mixed which allows for aeration. This is an important step in the process. Compost becomes anaerobic due to the absence of air, and this can result in it becoming smelly. By adding large, medium and fine items to the top of the container, space is provided in between the items for the air to flow from bottom to top. This creates a trickle ventilation. Compost made with this method is called aerobic composting.
  • 221
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Coastal Assessment and MAM of Sea Level Rise
Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most pressing challenges of climate change and has drawn noticeable research interest. Factors induced by global climate change, such as temperature increase, have resulted in both direct and indirect changes in sea levels at different spatial scales. Various climatic and non-climatic events contribute to sea level changes, posing risks to coastal and low-lying areas. Nevertheless, changes in sea level are not uniformly distributed globally due to several regional factors such as wave actions, storm surge frequencies, and tectonic land movement. The high exposure to those factors increases the vulnerability of subjected areas to SLR impacts. The impacts of events induced by climate change and SLR are reflected in biophysical, socioeconomic, and environmental aspects. Different indicator-based and model-based approaches are used to assess coastal areas’ vulnerabilities, response to impacts, and implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures. Various studies have been conducted to project future SLR impacts and evaluate implemented protection and adaptation approaches, aiding policymakers in planning effective adaptation and mitigation measures to reduce damage.
  • 219
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Flag Clouds in Mt.Everest
Flag clouds refer to flag-shaped stationary clouds that appear on the windward side of isolated snow-covered peaks under specific terrain conditions. By observing it, we can forecast the local weather.
  • 219
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Supply Chains
Carbon supply chains require a lot of energy during the operation, contributing to an additional environmental impact. In fact, the increased and required energy in terms of fuel consumption per kWh in the presence of carbon dioxide capture is between 24 and 40% for new supercritical pulverized coal plants, 11 and 22% for natural gas combined cycle plants, and 14 and 25% for coal-fired integrated gasification combined cycle systems compared to the respective system without capture plants. To be sure that the considered supply chain reduces carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental impacts a life cycle assessment should be developed optimizing its design with the minimum burden.
  • 208
  • 13 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Short-Term Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Load
Electric vehicles (EVs) are inducing revolutionary developments to the transportation and power sectors. Their innumerable benefits are forcing nations to adopt this sustainable mode of transport. Governments are framing and implementing various green energy policies. Nonetheless, there exist several critical challenges and concerns to be resolved in order to reap the complete benefits of E-mobility. The impacts of unplanned EV charging are a major concern. 
  • 194
  • 27 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Wispy Terrain and Dione's Cryotectonic Features
The so-called Wispy Terrain, named after observing frequently appearing wispy streaks, markings, and lineaments in the images of the Voyager spacecraft, is one of the enigmatic features of the icy moon Dione (a satellite of Saturn). Its characteristics and formation have been the target of a long-lasting scientific debate and ongoing research, along with other cryotectonic features of the icy satellite. 
  • 185
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Mobile Maps Using Eye Tracking
The use of mobile mapping applications is currently one of the most popular methods of navigating in urban spaces. Widespread access to smartphones and a wide range of mobile navigation applications allow each of us quick and easy access to geographic information. Mobile maps, like paper ones, allow the user to browse, search for points of interest and calculate routes, but their significant advantage, as indicated by users, is real-time information about the user’s current position.
  • 167
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sensing Travel Source–Sink Spatiotemporal Ranges
Urban remote sensing is providing increasing theoretical and empirical evidence for addressing urban issues, such as traffic systems, medical health, and green spaces. Plentiful image remote sensing technologies have effectively supported the large-scale detection of urban facility distribution. However, cities do not entail only the coverage distribution of buildings, impervious surfaces, parks, and other facilities on the land, but also complex human activities among these urban facilities.  Correspondingly, the sensing of human activity phenomena is an emerging exploration in urban remote sensing. The travel source–sink phenomenon is a typical urban traffic anomaly that reflects the imbalanced dissipation and aggregation of human mobility activities. It is useful for pertinently balancing urban facilities and optimizing urban structures to accurately sense the spatiotemporal ranges of travel source–sinks, such as for public transportation station optimization, sharing resource configurations, or stampede precautions among moving crowds. 
  • 133
  • 14 Aug 2023
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