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Topic Review
Hybrid Solar Dryers
Hybrid solar dryers, by definition, designed and constructed using direct solar energy and a heat exchanger. The products are dried under direct solar radiation and/or backup energy or stored heat when sunlight is not available. These types of dryers are used in single and mixed modes of drying. Several studies have been developed to test different techniques to improve solar dryers, considering the possible use of thermal storage materials, the deep bed drying method, improved solar collector designs and energy hybridization. They can be divided several ways, depending on their construction.
  • 319
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
ESG and Digital Transformation for Healthcare Systems
Organizations worldwide have confronted these new challenges of sustainable finance by incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors and digital transformation (DT) in their innovation business strategies. 
  • 196
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Environmental Sorption of Additives from Microplastics
Although the impacts of plastic pollution have long been recognized, the presence, pervasiveness, and ecotoxicological consequences of microplastic—i.e., plastic particles < 5 mm—contamination have only been explored over the last decade. Far less focus has been attributed to the role of these materials and, particularly, microplastics, as vectors for a multitude of chemicals, including those (un)intentionally added to plastic products, but also organic pollutants already present in the environment. 
  • 182
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Metal Halide Perovskites for Organic Chemical Transformations
Heterogeneous photocatalysts incorporating metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable attributes: strong visible-light absorption, tuneable band energy levels, rapid charge transfer, and defect tolerance. Additionally, the promising optical and electronic properties of MHP nanocrystals can be harnessed for photocatalytic applications through controlled crystal structure engineering, involving composition tuning via metal ion and halide ion variations, dimensional tuning, and surface chemistry modifications. Combination of perovskites with other materials can improve the photoinduced charge separation and charge transfer, building heterostructures with different band alignments, such as type-II, Z-scheme, and Schottky heterojunctions, which can fine-tune redox potentials of the perovskite for photocatalytic organic reactions.
  • 126
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Development of Slope Treatment Technologies
In light of growing concerns regarding climate change and the finite availability of natural resources, it is imperative that modern slope treatment practices align with the principles of sustainable development. The attainment of environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially equitable infrastructure necessitates a holistic and long-term perspective on the impacts and tradeoffs associated with projects. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has emerged as a standardized framework for comprehensively evaluating the environmental impact of products, processes, and technologies throughout their entire life cycle. By quantifying resource use, emissions, and other environmental issues associated with a system from raw material extraction to its disposal, LCA aims to prevent the shifting of problems among assessment boundaries or phases. Against the backdrop of global energy conservation and carbon reduction efforts, LCA research has found widespread application in fields such as the chemical industry, civil engineering, agriculture, material science, and biological science. However, despite the rapid proliferation of LCA studies across many industries, its application in geotechnical engineering domains like slope treatment has remained limited.
  • 292
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Environmental Challenges Facing Martian Colonisation
Mars is a focus of New Space Age exploration and colonisation, but there are significant challenges to successful colonisation by humankind. Environmental microbes play a key role in supporting the ecosystems of Earth, especially within the biodegradation and bioremediation sectors.
  • 271
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Brazil’s Formal E-Waste Recycling System
Disruptive innovation has led to the increased obsolescence and accelerated replacement of electrical and electronic equipment, resulting in the rapid growth of waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste) worldwide. However, amidst the challenges in e-waste management, the recovery of secondary raw materials from e-waste presents an attractive business opportunity.
  • 211
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Urban Trees in Mitigating Climate Impacts
Urban tree cadastres, essential for climate adaptation and urban planning, face challenges in maintaining accuracy and completeness. Existing urban vegetation has a large cooling potential. However, it is important to note that all tree species emit varying concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) (e.g. isoprene and terpenes), which can act as precursors for the formation of ground-level ozone.
  • 160
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are a dominating group of insecticidal compounds that have been used for a long time and are still being used today, due to their potency and their variability. From natural pyrethrins, which can be utilized especially for their biodegradable properties, to the synthetic derivatives, pyrethroids, which may be used for their potency, this class of organic insecticides displays a lot of variability. It must be acknowledged that without plants, and plant metabolites, a great area of the insecticide compound class would be missing.
  • 228
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Supply Chains
Carbon supply chains require a lot of energy during the operation, contributing to an additional environmental impact. In fact, the increased and required energy in terms of fuel consumption per kWh in the presence of carbon dioxide capture is between 24 and 40% for new supercritical pulverized coal plants, 11 and 22% for natural gas combined cycle plants, and 14 and 25% for coal-fired integrated gasification combined cycle systems compared to the respective system without capture plants. To be sure that the considered supply chain reduces carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental impacts a life cycle assessment should be developed optimizing its design with the minimum burden.
  • 207
  • 13 Jan 2024
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