Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Image Assisted Total Stations for Structural Health Monitoring
Measuring structures and its documentation is one of the tasks of engineering geodesy. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is defined as a periodic or continuous method to provide information about the condition of the construction through the determination of measurement data and their analysis. In SHM, wide varieties of sensors are used for data acquisition.
  • 637
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Image-Based Obstacle Detection Methods
Mobile robots lack a driver or a pilot and, thus, should be able to detect obstacles autonomously. These various image-based obstacle detection techniques include Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs). The techniques were divided into monocular and stereo. The former uses a single camera, while the latter makes use of images taken by two synchronised cameras. Monocular obstacle detection methods are discussed in appearance-based, motion-based, depth-based, and expansion-based categories. Monocular obstacle detection approaches have simple, fast, and straightforward computations. Thus, they are more suited for robots like MAVs and compact UAVs, which usually are small and have limited processing power. On the other hand, stereo-based methods use pair(s) of synchronised cameras to generate a real-time 3D map from the surrounding objects to locate the obstacles. Stereo-based approaches have been classified into Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM)-based and disparity histogram-based methods. Whether aerial or terrestrial, disparity histogram-based methods suffer from common problems: computational complexity, sensitivity to illumination changes, and the need for accurate camera calibration, especially when implemented on small robots.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Immobilized Algae Bioremediation Technology
A green technology that immobilizes algae through a carrier to improve biosorbent’s stability and adsorption performance is immobilization technology. An environmentally friendly technology is bioremediation, which uses the metabolic potential of microorganisms to remove heavy metals through a series of physicochemical interactions which occur between the functional groups of microorganisms and the heavy metals.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Immobilized Nanomaterials for Energy Production
Nanomaterials (NMs) have been extensively used in several environmental applications; however, their widespread dissemination at full scale is hindered by difficulties keeping them active in engineered systems. Thus, several strategies to immobilize NMs for their environmental utilization have been established and are described in the present text, emphasizing their role in the production of renewable energies, the removal of priority pollutants, as well as greenhouse gases, from industrial streams, by both biological and physicochemical processes. The challenges to optimize the application of immobilized NMs and the relevant research topics to consider in future research are also presented to encourage the scientific community to respond to current needs.
  • 387
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Biochar on Soil Properties
Biochar is a dark-black-colored, partially combusted (pyrolyzed), and recalcitrant compound which helps to enrich the nutrient balance and carbon stock in the soil. It is a porous carbonaceous sorbent generally produced from materials of biological origin (crops residues) which is formed after specific thermochemical conversions (pyrolysis) under limited oxygen supply conditions. Most frequently, biochar is a product of plant and agricultural residues derived biomass carrying oxygen-containing functional and aromatic groups.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Impact of Carbamate Pesticides on Male Reproductive System
Carbamates are widely used and known around the world as pesticides in spite of also having medical applications. Carbamates are mostly used as pesticides worldwide, despite their interesting medical applications, such as in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer’s disease, or glaucoma, among others.
  • 883
  • 10 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Climate Change on Hydrometeorology and Droughts
Climate change is associated with shifts in average climatic conditions and extreme events likely to impact human and ecological systems. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report (IPCC), the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events and daily temperature extremes are expected to increase in the mid-21st century. Based on past studies, the increase in long-term temperature and variability in precipitation in different parts of the world and their impacts on the environment are becoming evident.
  • 795
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Cyanobacteria Blooms on Environment and Health
Cyanobacteria blooms are a global aquatic environment problem. Due to global warming and water eutrophication, the surface cyanobacteria accumulate in a certain area to form cyanobacteria blooms driven by wind. Cyanobacteria blooms change the physical and chemical properties of water and cause pollution. Moreover, cyanobacteria release organic matter, N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) into the water during their apoptosis, accelerating the eutrophication of the water, threatening aquatic flora and fauna, and affecting the community structure and abundance of microorganisms in the water. Simultaneously, toxins and carcinogens released from cyanobacteria can be enriched through the food chain/web, endangering human health. 
  • 643
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Impact of High-Temperature Treatment on Granite
Temperature changes have significant effects on rock properties. The changes in properties vary for different rocks with different temperature ranges. Granite is an igneous type of rock that is common in India and is frequently used for construction and domestic purposes. Granite is mainly composed of quartz and feldspar and shows a considerable response to temperature changes. The heating effects of granite on its physical and mechanical properties become increasingly pronounced with increasing pick temperatures. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Aquatic Organisms
Anthropogenic activities on the aquatic ecosystem have direct and indirect effects that negatively affect biodiversity both in freshwater and sea. Among the main threats to aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity is climate change. Climate change can impact marine and freshwater ecosystems in several ways: ocean warming; sea level rise; the loss of sea ice; a decrease in pH due to increased ocean surface acidity; an increased risk of diseases in marine biota; the loss of habitats such as Coral Reef; pollution; nutrient enrichment; hydrological modifications; the spread of invasive species; and increasing levels of UV light. The production of plastic and its release into the environment is contributing to the loss of biodiversity and is becoming a serious threat to animal redox homeostasis and, subsequently, for human health.
  • 289
  • 09 Oct 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 271
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback