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Topic Review
Climate, Urbanization and Environmental Pollution in West Africa
The need to elucidate the urbanization–climate–pollution nexus in West Africa arose from the several reported, but disjointed cases of climate extremes and environmental degradation in the sub-region. Since colonization and subsequent independence of nations in the West African region, several urban cities began to spring up and gradually grow. Urbanization was essentially characterized by population growth without complementary infrastructural development, weak coping strategies against climate extremes, numerous economic challenges, and high risk of environmental pollution. Initiative for urban renewal, urban greening and smart city development was low, and preparedness against future impact of extreme climate events and climate change is uncertain.
  • 625
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Climatic Indices over Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea, strategically situated across a dynamic frontier line that separates two regions with different climates (Europe and North Africa), has been the focus of attention of many studies dealing with its thermohaline circulation, deep water formation processes or heat and freshwater budgets. Large-scale atmospheric forcing has been found to play an important role in these topics and attention has been renewed in climatic indices that can be used as a proxy for atmospheric variability. This overview summarizes the recent advances that have been achieved in the understanding of the climatic indices and their influence on the functioning of the Mediterranean from a physical point of view
  • 610
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Climatic Threats and Adaptation of Marine Biodiversity
Oceans play a vital role in socioeconomic and environmental development by supporting activities such as tourism, recreation, and food provision while providing important ecosystem services. However, concerns have been raised about the threat that climate change poses to the functions of oceans.
  • 105
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Closed Ecological Life Support Systems
Closed ecological life support systems (CELSS) requires agricultural production for food, CO2removal, O2generation (human respiratory quotient ofCO2/[O2= 0.84–0.87 depending on the percentage formation of carbohydrate, fat and protein in the food consumed) and water recycling with bioreactors for recycling waste. Plants consume CO2and H2O for photosynthesis under the action of sufficient PAR to produce carbohydrate food, regenerate oxygen and filter water through evapotranspiration. There have been several bioregenerative life support system programmes including Biosphere 2 (US), CELSS (NASA), Bios-3 (Roscosmos) and its predecessors and MELiSSA (ESA).
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Closed-Canopy Tropical Forests of Hainan
The successful establishment of many plants in tropical forests often depends on species-specific adaptations related to light availability and forest successional stage. Species that are present in early successional stages generally do not occur in later successional stages. 
  • 458
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Cloud-Based Remote Sensing for Wetland Monitoring
The rapid expansion of remote sensing provides recent and developed advances in monitoring wetlands. Integrating cloud computing with these techniques has been identified as an effective tool, especially for dealing with heterogeneous datasets.
  • 279
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Club of Rome
Founded in 1968 at Accademia dei Lincei in Rome, Italy, the Club of Rome consists of current and former heads of state, UN bureaucrats, high-level politicians and government officials, diplomats, scientists, economists, and business leaders from around the globe. It stimulated considerable public attention in 1972 with the first report to the Club of Rome, The Limits to Growth. Since 1 July 2008 the organization has been based in Winterthur, Switzerland.
  • 4.3K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
CO2 Emissions
The issue of environmental degradation has emerged as a pervasive global concern. Consequently, authors have expanded their investigations into environmental studies to mitigate the adverse repercussions and safeguard the integrity of the planet’s ecosystem. In the context of national priorities, the fundamental goal of any nation is to enhance its economic progress (GDP) rate to foster social welfare. In this scenario, the occurrence of swift GDP can lead to the reduction of resources and the exacerbation of the environment. Sustainable GDP in developing nations improves society. Trade, development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and natural resource (NAT) development have been used to achieve this goal. Production increases energy use and CO2 emissions (CO2em). GDP must not harm future generations.
  • 343
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
CO2 Emissions in Asia–Pacific Region
Global warming has become the main concern in the current world; increased CO2 emissions are believed to be the main reason for this climate change. Therefore, the impacts of energy consumption, economic growth, financial development, and international trade on the CO2 emissions of 17 Asia–Pacific countries. Using unbalanced panel data for 61 years (1960–2020), the Driscoll and Kraay’s standard error and panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) models are employed to observe the effect of the studied variables on the CO2 emissions.
  • 405
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
CO2 Emissions in Buildings
CO2 is the most emitted greenhouse gas and is mainly produced by human activity. In fact, about 75% is emitted in cities and 40% of global carbon emissions is produced by the building sector.
  • 505
  • 20 Sep 2022
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