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Topic Review
Plant-Based Natural Coagulants for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Plant-based natural coagulants (PBNCs) have been shown to be a promising alternative to the conventional coagulants used in water treatment. PBNCs’ advantages include excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, sustainable production, low cost, and high availability. Problems associated with using PBNC have hindered the progression of their practical applications and commercialisation. However, several modification methods have been employed to enhance the performance of various plant polysaccharides to overcome these disadvantages.
  • 995
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Plant parasitic nematodes are a major problem for growers worldwide, causing severe crop losses. Several conventional strategies, such as chemical nematicides and biofumigation, have been employed in the past to manage their infection in plants and spread in soils. However, the search for the most sustainable and environmentally safe practices is still ongoing.
  • 651
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Plant Microbial Fuel Cells
PubMed (NCBI) has pointed to an exponential growth of publications on the subject of a “biofuel cell” in the first decade of our century, and this interest persisted throughout the following years. It should be noted that biofuel elements based on microorganisms (microbial fuel cells, MFCs) are a promising technology to produce bioelectricity since they simultaneously solve the problems of contamination with anthropogenic organic waste, which can be used by microorganisms as a source of carbon and energy.
  • 330
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Plant Litter and Litter Carbon
Investigations on the budget of plant litter and litter carbon in forest streams can provide a key scientific basis for understanding the biogeochemical linkages of terrestrial–aquatic ecosystems and managing forest catchments.
  • 454
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) are soil bacteria living in the rhizosphere which, through the secretion of various regulatory molecules, are involved in promoting plant growth and development. They can be found associated with the roots (rhizosphere), with the leaves (phyllosphere), or within the plant (endosphere). The endophytes (PGPE) are generally the most effective in supporting growth; being inside the plant tissues, they can communicate with the host plant and exert their beneficial effect much more efficiently.
  • 2.6K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms in Soilless Systems
Soilless systems, such as hydroponics and aquaponics, are gaining popularity as a sustainable alternative to traditional soil-based agriculture, aiming at maximizing plant productivity while minimizing resource use. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) have emerged as a promising solution to overcome these issues. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Azospirillum are the most extensively studied genera for their effectiveness as growth promoters, inducing changes in root architecture morphology. Furthermore, PGPM inoculation, either alone or in synergy, can reverse the effects of nutrient deficiency and salt stress. The genera Pseudomonas and Trichoderma were recognized for their solid antagonistic traits, which make them highly effective biocontrol agents in hydroponic systems. The findings indicate their ability to significantly reduce disease severity index (DSI) through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and induced systemic resistance. In aquaponic systems, the inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum brasilense demonstrated increased dissolved oxygen, improving water quality parameters and benefiting plant and fish growth and metabolism. 
  • 503
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Plant Growth in Altered Gravity/Microgravity
Understanding how plants respond and adapt to extraterrestrial conditions is essential for space exploration initiatives. Deleterious effects of the space environment on plant development have been reported, such as the unbalance of cell growth and proliferation in the root meristem, or gene expression reprogramming. However, plants are capable of surviving and completing the seed-to-seed life cycle under microgravity. A key research challenge is to identify environmental cues, such as light, which could compensate the negative effects of microgravity.
  • 972
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Plant Ecological Treatment Technology for Livestock Wastewater
After antibiotics are used in livestock and poultry, on the one hand, selection pressure will be formed to make the intestinal microorganisms of livestock and poultry develop resistance, thus making livestock and poultry manure carry a large amount of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG); on the other hand, about 30-90% of antibiotics will be discharged into the environment with livestock and poultry manure, and the antibiotics entering the environment will not only cause chemical pollution, but most importantly, may induce antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARG in the environment generation in the environment. The sources of ARGs in livestock wastewater may be threefold: (1) livestock wastewater receives ARGs already present in livestock manure; (2) pollutants such as antibiotics and heavy metals in wastewater induce microorganisms to produce ARGs; and (3) proliferation of microbial host bacteria leads to proliferation of ARGs. Unlike traditional chemical pollutants, which exhibit unique environmental behaviors such as replicability, transmissibility, and environmental persistence due to their inherent biological properties, ARGs are promoted by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, integrons, insertion sequence common regions, and complex integrons. These ARGs are transmitted between different microorganisms in environmental media through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms and may enter the food chain and humans through direct or indirect routes, increasing human drug resistance and endangering human public health.
  • 349
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Plagioclase
Plagioclase is a series of tectosilicate (framework silicate) minerals within the feldspar group. Rather than referring to a particular mineral with a specific chemical composition, plagioclase is a continuous solid solution series, more properly known as the plagioclase feldspar series. This was first shown by the German mineralogist Johann Friedrich Christian Hessel (1796–1872) in 1826. The series ranges from albite to anorthite endmembers (with respective compositions NaAlSi3O8 to CaAl2Si2O8), where sodium and calcium atoms can substitute for each other in the mineral's crystal lattice structure. Plagioclase in hand samples is often identified by its polysynthetic crystal twinning or 'record-groove' effect. Plagioclase is a major constituent mineral in the Earth's crust, and is consequently an important diagnostic tool in petrology for identifying the composition, origin and evolution of igneous rocks. Plagioclase is also a major constituent of rock in the highlands of the Moon. Analysis of thermal emission spectra from the surface of Mars suggests that plagioclase is the most abundant mineral in the crust of Mars. Its name comes from Ancient Greek plágios (πλάγιος 'oblique') + klásis ((κλάσις 'fracture'), in reference to its two cleavage angles.
  • 2.2K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Place Attachment and Behavioral Intentions
Place attachment is a key concept in understanding affective person–place relationships, and it provides an appropriate approach for the study of human behavior.
  • 749
  • 23 Dec 2021
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