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Topic Review
Recent Trends in Foliar Nanofertilizers
It is estimated that 40 to 70 per cent, 80 to 90 per cent and 50 to 90 per cent of the conventional macronutrients N, P and K applied to soil are lost, respectively, resulting in considerable resource losses. Compared with traditional fertilizers, nano fertilizers have small volume (1-100 nm) and high specific surface area, and have the advantages of controlled release, high nutrient utilization, low cost and relatively small environmental pollution. The application of nanofertilizers is an emerging area of agricultural research and is an attractive and economical alternative to traditional fertilizers that could sustainably increase global food productivity. Foliar fertilization is a popular method to meet the needs of higher plants. Due to the small amount of leaf application, nutrient absorption is faster than the soil, and environmental pollution is relatively small, so it is more popular in plants. It can be seen that nano-fertilizer and foliar fertilization are the focus of attention at present, and the study on the foliar application of nano-fertilizer is not as extensive as that of soil application.
  • 353
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Silica’s Impact on Concrete Properties in Civil Engineering
Microsilica, a by-product of silicon or ferrosilicon production. Widely utilized within the construction industry, microsilica serves as a modifying component in concrete production, leveraging its chemical composition and physical attributes as a highly active pozzolan. Natural additives encompass crushed volcanic and sedimentary rocks, diatomites, volcanic ash, and tuff. Within technogenic additives lie waste or by-products from various industries, such as fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, and microsilica.
  • 657
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Interactions of Nanoplastics with Freshwater Phytoplankton Species
Nano-sized plastics (NPLs, size < 100 nm) are characterized by a very small size and high reactivity, allowing them to interact with diverse phytoplankton species. The processes governing the interactions of NPLs with phytoplankton cells include absorption onto cell, penetration into cells via endocytosis or physical damage, and the obstruction of substance and energy exchange with the surrounding medium. Upon association with the cells, elevated concentrations of NPLs can reduce phytoplankton growth and photosynthesis,  trigger overproduction of reactive oxygen species and damages, as well as alter cellular metabolic activity. NPLs can influence toxin production by cyanobacteria and  release of extracellular polymeric substances by different phytoplankton species. Conversely, phytoplankton species can modulate NPL fate by secreting biomolecules that form an eco-corona around the NPLs, as well as taking part in the NPLs biotransformation.
  • 210
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Technical and Economic Viability of Underground Hydrogen Storage
The concept of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is less known than its natural gas counterpart, which is expected due to its less significant role in the past. Despite this, the insights gained with natural gas can be applied to hydrogen storage due to the shared cavern design and operation.
  • 395
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Innovation and Drivers of Productivity
Innovation and technology are important tools for delivering efficiency and productivity improvement in the minerals sector. The uptake of technologies has proven to be an important lever for increasing the productivity of the mining sector.
  • 156
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Adsorption Techniques for Lead Removal
The long-term sustainability of the global water supply, with a paramount emphasis on cleanliness and safety, stands as a formidable challenge in modern era. In response to this pressing issue, adsorption techniques have emerged as pivotal and widely recognized solutions for the removal of hazardous pollutants, with a particular emphasis on lead adsorption from wastewater.
  • 459
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Bioenergy Technologies and Waste Management Practices in Ghana
Finding sustainable solutions to the increasing waste generation in Ghana has received a lot of attention. Through several waste-to-energy processes, the energy potential of municipal solid waste has recently witnessed significant technological advancements. The Renewable Energy Master Plan has projected the production of about 122 MWp from waste-to-energy installations by 2030 in Ghana.
  • 398
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Micro-Irrigation Technologies in India and Africa
Water is an essential resource for the realization of the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The increasing global food insecurity, hunger, human population, and uneconomical extraction and use of non-renewable resources require, among other things, a substantial intensification of agricultural production. In this context, there has been a need to adopt irrigation technologies, especially in developing countries where agriculture and its allied sectors employ more than 50% of the total population but account for up to 90% of the total freshwater consumptive use. India and Africa are at the crux of this conundrum, where there is an urgent need to build resilience with the already excessively allotted water resources. Innovative and water-efficient irrigation technologies could be one of the windows of opportunity to overcome water scarcity and enhance food security in these regions. 
  • 290
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Gas-Sensing Mechanisms of MXenes and MXene-Based Heterostructures
MXenes are a class of 2D transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with exceptional properties, including substantial electrical and thermal conductivities, outstanding mechanical strength, and a considerable surface area, rendering them an appealing choice for gas sensors. 
  • 459
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Abiotic-Stress Reduction
Soil degradation is a global problem and refers to the reduction or loss of the biological and economic productive capacity of the soil resource. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could be a low-cost and long-term solution to restore soil fertility, as they provide a wide range of benefits in agriculture, including increasing crop productivity, improving soil nutrient levels and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. 
  • 287
  • 07 Dec 2023
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