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Topic Review
Low-Level Jets in Heavy Rainfall in Taiwan
During the early summer rainy season over Taiwan, three types of low-level jets are observed, including a synoptic low-level jet (SLLJ) situated in the 850–700 hPa layer in the frontal zone, a marine boundary layer jet (MBLJ) embedded within the southwesterly monsoon flow over the northern South China Sea at approximately the 925 hPa level, and an orographically induced jet at approximately the 1 km level off the northwestern Taiwan coast (e.g., barrier jet (BJ)).
  • 575
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Regenerative Agriculture and Farmscape Function
The concept of a regenerative agriculture can be traced back to the cusp of the 1980s and discussions of sustainability. Early authors stressed that to achieve sustainable food production, the resources agriculture depended upon initially needed to be restored from the degraded state conventional agriculture had caused. For modern authors, within and outside regenerative agriculture, these resources—soil, water, biota, and the long term viability of human agricultural labor—have continued to deteriorate. To prioritise the regeneration of these resources; as has begun with the concept of ecosystem functions, goods, and services generally; researchers must specifically determine the functions people require of their farmscapes so that agricultural systems can be iteratively designed to meet these needs. 
  • 575
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Food Waste and Circular Economy
The world’s population is expected to grow at an increasing rate, leading to increased food consumption and waste production. Even though food waste represents one of the most challenging economic and environmental issues of the 21st century, it also provides a vast array of valuable resources. Eight broad themes emerged in circular economy: (1) anaerobic digestion of food waste for circular economy creation; (2) food waste systems and life cycle assessments for circular economy; (3) bio-based circular economy approaches; (4) consumer behavior and attitudes toward circular economies; (5) food supply chains and food waste in a circular economy; (6) material flow analysis and sustainability; (7) challenges, policies, and practices to achieve circularity; and (8) circular economy and patterns of consumption. 
  • 575
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry
The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, well known for containing the densest concentration of Jurassic dinosaur fossils ever found, is a paleontological site located near Cleveland, Utah, in the San Rafael Swell, a part of the geological layers known as the Morrison Formation. Well over 15,000 bones have been excavated from this Jurassic excavation site and there are many thousands more awaiting excavation and study. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in October 1965. All of these bones, belonging to different species, are found disarticulated and indistinctly mixed together. It has been hypothesised that this strong concentration of mixed fossilised bones is due to a "predator trap", but any kind of definitive scientific consensus hasn't been reached yet and debates still continue to the present day.
  • 575
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Development Status of CCUS in China
Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) has been applied in many countries and has proven to be a key carbon-reduction technology for the future. China currently emits the most carbon, and prior research findings indicate the high potential of CCUS technology to support the country’s emission-reduction process. China introduced CCUS technology at the end of the 20th century and has since implemented a series of related policies.
  • 575
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Loess in Xinjiang, China
The loess in the arid area of Xinjiang is located at the eastern end of the Central Asia Loess Belt, and paleoclimate research about it is of great importance for understanding the mechanism of interaction of the Eurasian Westerly monsoon system and the aridity of Central Asia. Loess sediments have been mainly distributed on the river terraces and windward piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains since the late Pliocene (mainly late Pleistocene). Grain size and age data show that Xinjiang loess deposits at some locations are rapid and discontinuous or sedimentary hiatus. The Siberian High system largely controlled dust mobilization and loess accumulation in northern Xinjiang but not southern Xinjiang. In southern Central Asia, the intensity of dust activity may be determined by the Caspian Sea–Hindu Kush Index (CasHKI) and local circulation. 
  • 574
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Transport in Danube Region
Sustainability of transport systems is a key issue in transport. The main question is whether high levels of road and railway transport in areas along navigable waterways is an effective solution for this issue. The Danube waterway is an example. Cargo transport is mainly provided by road and railway transport. Air transport is not suitable for many types of goods. On the other hand, inland water transport provides many possibilities. It is suitable for the transport of bulk, general, and liquid cargo for longer distances. The Danube, which flows through Central and Eastern Europe, creates many possibilities for sustainable and environmentally friendly transport. It is the part of the waterway Rhine–Main–Danube that links the North and Black Seas and fifteen European countries.
  • 573
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Growth Enhancement of Camellia sinensis with Biochar
Biochar is a pyrolysis product of biomass and is recommended for soil amendment for improving soil health and increasing crop yield. Biochar application in the agriculture sector is a practical approach to minimize waste and maintain sustainable farming. However, the information regarding biochar application in tea cultivation is limited and especially rare in field research
  • 573
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Renewable Source
Lignocellulosic biomass is the primary structural component of plant matter and is mostly inedible, generally referring to organic materials such as wood, grass, and agricultural crop residues. Biomass is a plentiful and carbon-neutral renewable energy source that may be used to create platform chemicals and fuels, especially considering that up to 75% of initial energy can be converted into biofuels.
  • 573
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Combined Electrocoagulation and Adsorption Processes
The electrocoagulation (EC) process is a possible alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. Characteristics of the process, such as its flexibility, easy operation, no need for additional chemicals, and its ability to deal with different contaminants, have been increasing the interest in its implementation. The EC process found application in the treatment of different contaminated waters, and several studies have shown the potential of this technology. Adsorption (AD) is another attractive way of treating wastewaters due to the potential of using low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbents. Due to their high surface area and well-developed pore structure, activated carbons are the most used adsorbents in wastewater treatment systems. The high price of activated carbon limits its application. The combination of the EC and AD processes can be used to amplify the advantages that each process presents in treating wastewaters. As a first step, the EC process reduces the pollutant loading and the suspended solids concentration, which can benefit the AD process by delaying the adsorbent saturation and preventing clogging. Additionally, each adsorption/regeneration cycle could result in the adsorbent losing some of its capacity; as a result, delaying adsorbent saturation helps to increase its useful life. 
  • 573
  • 17 Jan 2023
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