Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Atmospheric Sciences
Atmospheric sciences are the study of the Earth's atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting. Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates and their change over time, due to both natural and anthropogenic climate variability. Aeronomy is the study of the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important. Atmospheric science has been extended to the field of planetary science and the study of the atmospheres of the planets of the solar system. Experimental instruments used in atmospheric sciences include satellites, rocketsondes, radiosondes, weather balloons, and lasers. The term aerology (from Greek ἀήρ, aēr, "air"; and -λογία, -logia) is sometimes used as an alternative term for the study of Earth's atmosphere. Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann.
  • 718
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Strengthening Collaborative Food Waste Prevention in Peru
Inefficient management and handling of organic waste generated by the food service sector is a big global challenge. In addition to the negative environmental impacts of food waste, the effect of the amount of food that is wasted when it is not handled properly is even more alarming. 
  • 718
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Green Hydrogen in UK by 2030
Green hydrogen was first found in the UK by Robert Boyle in 1671 when he described ‘flammable air’. In 2022 Green hydrogen was prioritised by UK Government to replace fossil hydrogen and other carbon intensive fuels. Fossil hydrogen UK production then exceeded 1Mte/a, but this should fall significantly by 2030, overtaken by green hydrogen. The University of Birmingham revealed the first UK green hydrogen refueller in 2008 filling five hydrogen-fuel-cell-battery-electric-vehicles (HFCBEVs) for study and development by 50 PhD students in Chemical Engineering. This supplied 10 kg/day, much smaller than the 2021 ITM station now to deliver almost 600 kg/day at Tyseley.
  • 717
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Investigation of Natural Beachrock and Physical–Mechanical
Typically, the mitigation of coastal erosion is achieved by amending surface conditions using materials such as concrete. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of constructing artificial beachrocks using natural materials (e.g., microbes, sand, shell, pieces of coral, and seaweed etc.) within a short time, and to propose the method as a novel strategy for coastal protection. Initially, a survey on resistivity and a multichannel analysis of seismic waves (MASW) were conducted along the coastal lines to characterize and elucidate the subsurface structure of existing beachrocks in the Southeast Yogyakarta coastal area, Krakal–Sadranan beach, Indonesia. The field survey on natural beachrocks suggests that both resistivity and shear wave velocity were higher in the deeper deposits compared to the underlying unconsolidated sand layer within a depth of approximately 1.5 m and covering an area of 210.496 m2 for the α-section and 76.936 m2 for the β-section of beachrock deposit. The results of the sand solidification test in the laboratory showed that treated sand achieved unconfined compressive strength of up to around 6 MPa, determined after a treatment period of 14 days under optimum conditions.
  • 717
  • 26 Apr 2020
Topic Review
Iberian Peninsula under Climate Change
This entry presents the results of a systematic review of temperature and precipitation extremes over the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on observed changes in temperature and precipitation during the past years and what are the projected changes by the end of the 21st century. The purpose of this entry is to assess the current literature about extreme events and their change under global warming. Observational and climate modeling studies from the past decade were considered in this entry.
  • 717
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Air Pollution Interconnections with Climate and Environmental Health
Air pollution is a major environmental problem. It is a problem that is interconnected with climate change and ecosystem health. The dynamics within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria are discovered. The high reliance of the people of the Niger Delta on their environment increases their vulnerability to environmental changes. This makes the problem an issue of environmental Justice when the drivers of air pollution in the region are factored in. Urgent and concerted action is required at the individual, local and national levels. The directions in this regard are highlighted. The emission and transmission of air pollutants cause air pollution. Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation of over 200 million, is plagued with numerous environmental problems one of which is air pollution. The air quality in its major cities ranks among the worst in the world. 
  • 717
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Classification of Farmland Vegetation
The classification and identification of farmland vegetation includes classification based on vegetation index, spectral bands, multi-source data fusion, artificial intelligence learning, and drone remote sensing.
  • 716
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
A Thermo-Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Waste Review
Global polystyrene (PS) production has been influenced by the lightness and heat resistance this material offers in different applications, such as construction and packaging. However, population growth and the lack of PS recycling lead to a large waste generation, affecting the environment. Pyrolysis has been recognized as an effective recycling method, converting PS waste into valuable products in the chemical industry. The conversion of PS into a liquid with high aromatic content (84.75% of styrene) can be achieved by pyrolysis. In addition, PS favors the production of liquid fuel when subjected to co-pyrolysis with biomass, improving its properties such as viscosity and energy content. 
  • 715
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Teaching Sustainability in Planning and Design Education
Education for sustainable development (ESD) benefits school improvement and individual students, allowing them to ask critical questions about the status quo, clarify their values, and think systemically. In the fields of planning and design, including urban planning, regional planning, landscape architecture, and urban design, sustainability is vital to address the development dilemmas of environmental protection, urban development, economic activity, and social expectations. Design and planning decisions must consider a wide range of activities representing the goals of preservation, development, economic opportunities, social justice, and many others.
  • 714
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Phytoremediation for Arsenic-Contaminated Gold Mine Waste
Arsenic (As)-contaminated gold mine waste is a global problem and poses a significant risk to the ecosystem and community (e.g., carcinogenic, toxicity). Research is investigating environmentally sustainable techniques to remediate As-rich mine waste. Biological techniques involving plants (phytoremediation) and soil amendments have been studied to bioaccumulate As from soil (phytoextraction) or stabilise As in the rhizosphere (phytostabilisation). 
  • 714
  • 12 Oct 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 270
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback