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Topic Review
North–South Divide (England)
In England, the term North–South divide refers to the cultural, economic, and social differences between: The status of the Midlands is often disputed, however counties in the higher midlands, such as West Midlands County (Walsall Metropolitan Borough and Wolverhampton are seen as north too due to their proximity to Staffordshire and Shropshire), Shropshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, and Staffordshire, are culturally very Northern. A grouping of Central England based on UK EU parliamentary constituency boundaries combines the Midlands and East Anglia. In political terms, the South, and particularly the South-East (outside Greater London) and East Anglia, is largely centre-right, and supportive of the Conservative Party, while Northern England (particularly the towns and cities) is generally more supportive of the Labour Party. An article in The Economist (15–21 September 2012) argued that the gap between the north and south in life expectancy, political inclinations and economics trends was growing to the extent that they were almost separate countries.
  • 6.1K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
North–South Divide
The North–South divide is a socio-economic and political division of Earth popularized in the late 20th century and early 21st century. Generally, definitions of the Global North include the United States , Canada , almost all the European countries, Israel, Cyprus, Japan , Singapore, South Korea , Australia , and New Zealand. The Global South is made up of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Pacific Islands, and the developing countries in Asia, including the Middle East. It is home to the BRIC countries (excluding Russia ): Brazil , India and China , which, along with Indonesia and Mexico, are the largest Southern states in terms of land area and population. The North is mostly correlated with the Western world and the First World, plus much of the Second World, while the South largely corresponds with the Third World and Eastern world. The two groups are often defined in terms of their differing levels of wealth, economic development, income inequality, democracy, and political and economic freedom, as defined by freedom indices. Nations in the North tend to be wealthier, less unequal and considered more democratic and to be developed countries who export technologically advanced manufactured products; Southern states are generally poorer developing countries with younger, more fragile democracies heavily dependent on primary sector exports and frequently share a history of past colonialism by Northern states. Nevertheless, the divide between the North and the South is often challenged and said to be increasingly incompatible with reality. In economic terms, as of the early 21st century, the North—with one quarter of the world population—controls four-fifths of the income earned anywhere in the world. 90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by and located in the North. Inversely, the South—with three quarters of the world population—has access to one-fifth of the world income. As nations become economically developed, they may become part of definitions the "North", regardless of geographical location; similarly, any nations that do not qualify for "developed" status are in effect deemed to be part of the "South".
  • 6.5K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Norm Activation Model and Organic Food Purchase Intention
Attitude plays the most critical role in explaining the organic food purchase intention of Vietnamese consumers, followed by social norms and personal norms. Notably, attitude also remarkably mediated the impact of environmental awareness and knowledge of organic food on purchase intention. Meanwhile, personal norms played the mediating role in the NAM that intervene the connection between social norms and purchase intention. Based on our analysis, we suggested policymakers, manufacturers, marketers, and sellers of organic food change their actions for the growth of the organic food market in Vietnam.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nonfinancial Information Disclosure in Saudi Capital Market
One of the foremost objectives of corporate reporting is for the users to understand the underlying economic values of corporations. Corporate reporting plays a vital role in the efficiency and operation of capital markets, and it is a reliable “window into companies’ thoughts and priorities” to evaluate the companies’ past, to forecast their future, to decide upon their potential, performance and speculate their continuation. Corporations provide external users with information that is necessary to attract them for investing their wealth and financing their operations. Corporate reporting is not limited to the financial information. Users of corporate reports need to be well informed about an entity to make economically rational decisions. The accounting profession through corporate reporting enhances investor’s confidence and reports relevant and reliable information comprehensively and adequately.
  • 469
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Non-Renewable Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Policymakers and environmental scientists have proposed numerous measures toward achieving a sustainable environment. Some of these measures include the efficient use of energy and a scaling up of clean energy transition.
  • 395
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Non-Patent Literature
Non-patent literature is defined as scientific publications, technical standards, conference proceedings, clinical trials, books, manuals, technical or research reports, or any other technical scientific material which is cited in patents to show what has already been published and disseminated about the invention to be patented, in order to justify its novelty. These documents are considered technically relevant to the patent granting procedure and are cited along with other patents related to the same subject matter. 
  • 2.9K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Non-Financial Reporting under a Mandatory Regime
Non-financial information (NFI) helps companies, investors, and other stakeholders in the decision-making process, so that the value of NFI increases over time.
  • 295
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Non-Financial Information Disclosure under European Directive 95/2014/EU
The European Union Directive 2014/95/EU (henceforward, the Directive) brought a new framework for the corporate reporting of companies located in EU Member States, imposing on them non-financial information (NFI) disclosure requirements, from the year 2017. Companies that had high-quality voluntary reporting practices, such as the presentation of a sustainability report, the use of GRI Standards and the certification of non-financial information (NFI), maintained these practices after the Directive. After two years of implementation, there were still companies that did not mention the framework used or did not disclose information on sensitive matters such as human rights or anti-corruption and bribery. The evidence found supports the existence of a ‘routine’ effect that has influenced the reporting practices adopted. The results obtained have implications for policymakers helping them to identify aspects of the Directive’s requirements that need to be improved. 
  • 590
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
NHRE Deployment
Despite globally progressing energy transition, the deployment of non-hydropower renewable energy (NHRE) in developing countries varies by country and overall is moderate. This entry aims to explain why developing economies with significant challenges in the energy sector are not actively engaged in NHRE diffusion. In doing so, the entry reviews scholarly work on renewable energy (RE) deployment in developing countries and presents a two-stage analytical framework for assessing the NHRE development status. The procedure helps assess the current situation in the national energy sectors in connection to their economic growth and development, environmental sustainability and energy security. At the next stage, the framework lets analyse the preparedness of the national energy sectors for NHRE diffusion. The analysis spans six dimensions: structure of energy sector, RE regulation, institutions and governance, capital and investment, infrastructure and business environment, and human capital. The two-stage analytical framework assists in checking the hypothesis that more advanced economically and institutionally countries are more likely to commence NHRE development.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Nexus between Sustainability Reporting and Firm Performance
The relationship between Sustainability Reporting and corporate financial performance is overlapping and multifaceted and it has been an interesting issue for both academics and professionals since the beginning of the millennium. 
  • 230
  • 01 Feb 2024
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