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Topic Review
Saudi Gig Economy
Gig labor in Saudi Arabia is consistent with the nation’s Vision 2030 objectives. This strategic vision prioritizes equal opportunities for everyone, revamps the education system to match market needs, and acknowledges the pivotal role of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in driving economic growth.
  • 389
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Saudi Arabia’s Ambitious Reform Programme with Vision 2030
Vision 2030 of Saudi Arabia is an important project that mainly targets the reduction in dependency on the oil economy through the growth of non-oil Industries. 
  • 221
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
SAS
SAS (previously "Statistical Analysis System") is a statistical software suite developed by SAS Institute for data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence, criminal investigation, and predictive analytics. SAS was developed at North Carolina State University from 1966 until 1976, when SAS Institute was incorporated. SAS was further developed in the 1980s and 1990s with the addition of new statistical procedures, additional components and the introduction of JMP. A point-and-click interface was added in version 9 in 2004. A social media analytics product was added in 2010.
  • 607
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
San Antonio Independent School District V. Rodriguez
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1 (1973), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that San Antonio Independent School District's financing system, which was based on local property taxes, was not an unconstitutional violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. The majority opinion, reversing the District Court, stated that the appellees did not sufficiently prove a textual basis, within the US Constitution, supporting the principle that education is a fundamental right. Urging that the school financing system led to wealth-based discrimination, the plaintiffs had argued that the fundamental right to education should be applied to the States, through the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court found that there was no such fundamental right and that the unequal school financing system was not subject to strict scrutiny.
  • 687
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Salt Stress on Cotton Plant
Cotton plants are affected in multiple ways by salt stress, including diminished growth, limited leaf area expansion, and impaired nutrient uptake. The accumulation of cytoplasmic Na+ and Cl- ions, which can lead to cell death, is also a consequence of salt stress. Plant salt stress is a phenomenon that occurs when soil solution contains an excessive amount of salts, leading to the inhibition of plant growth or even death.
  • 521
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Safety Management in Industrial Corporation
Safety management in industrial corporation's most relevant factors are related to leadership and high standard safety culture, as well as additional attributes, such as awareness and process risk assessment, knowledge and competencies, proper communication and information, effective decision-making, and resilience.
  • 521
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Safety Leadership
Safety leadership is a process where the leader, through interaction with followers, tries to achieve safety standards set by the organization, increases safety awareness, and encourages safe behaviour.
  • 827
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Russian Financial Crisis (2014–2017)
The financial crisis in Russia in 2014–2015 was the result of the sharp devaluation of the Russian ruble beginning in the second half of 2014. A decline in confidence in the Russian economy caused investors to sell off their Russian assets, which led to a decline in the value of the Russian ruble and sparked fears of a Russian financial crisis. The lack of confidence in the Russian economy stemmed from at least two major sources. The first is the fall in the price of oil in 2014. Crude oil, a major export of Russia, declined in price by nearly 50% between its yearly high in June 2014 and 16 December 2014. The second is the result of international economic sanctions imposed on Russia following Russia's annexation of Crimea and the Russian military intervention in Ukraine. The crisis has affected the Russian economy, both consumers and companies, and regional financial markets, as well as Putin's ambitions regarding the Eurasian Economic Union. The Russian stock market in particular has experienced large declines, with a 30% drop in the RTS Index from the beginning of December through 16 December 2014. During the financial crisis, the economy turned to prevalent state ownership, with 60% of productive assets in the hands of the government. By 2016, the Russian economy rebounded with 0.3% GDP growth and was officially out of the recession. In January 2017, Russia had foreign currency reserves of around $391 billion, an inflation rate of 5.0% and interest rate of 10.0%.
  • 4.4K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Rural–Urban Industry Linkages
Rural–urban linkages refer to the goods, people, and money transfers between rural and urban places, and have long been a focus for economic development researchers and practitioners alike. Urban places typically have higher incomes and more diverse market segments, making greater rural–urban market integration a potentially lucrative business and rural development strategy. Indeed, urban-adjacent rural communities often have comparative advantages in the production of food, energy, tourism, and other rural goods and services desired by urban consumers. Thus, identifying how these interdependent economic flows affect the economic prosperity of rural places may better inform rural development policies and strategies.
  • 818
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Rural Tourism Destination
Rural tourism is considered a high potential form of tourism, enhanced by the demand for more sustainable and nature-based solutions, and able to contribute to territory resilience. A rural area is not necessarily a tourist destination, but it might become one, if agricultural enterprises are willing to diversify their economic activities by investing in rural tourism, and local actors provide active support and co-participation.
  • 3.8K
  • 05 Jan 2022
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