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Topic Review
Contact-Free Services
Contact-free services means there is no physical contact between employees and customers, for example kiosks, service robots, and Siren Orders. These services are useful in various fields such as restaurants, cafes, multiplex shopping malls, hospitals, and theaters. In fact, such service methods are made using artificial intelligence (AI) technology and widely used in tourism, hospitality, and various other industries.
  • 413
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Container Operational Risk management
The risk associated with container shipping has been a major concern in recent decades. This study presents three major risk frameworks to systematically and inclusively explore and validate container operational risk scales based on risk factors derived from the extant literature. The three risk frameworks identified are risks related to information flow, risks related to physical flow, and risks related to payment flow. Each risk factor is grouped into sub-factors (dimensions), three factors for information flow, two factors for physical flow, and two factors for payment flow. The study uses Ethiopia as a case study and employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. An interview survey was conducted to explore additional risk factors and validate the identified risk factors in container shipping, and a questionnaire survey was then accompanied to collect the relevant data. A pairwise comparison chart (PCC) was employed to rank the risk dimensions. The results showed that the container operational risk model is satisfactory by employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, the PCC result indicates that risk of loss or damage of goods/assets, payment delay, and decrease in or total loss of payment were ranked first, second, and third, respectively, and consequently the most significant dimensions of the risk factors. This study provides a reliable and valid scale for measuring container operational risk in container shipping companies. It also unlocks future works for using the identified risk factors as guidelines for researchers and experts to design and develop container operational risk dimensions. 
  • 748
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Contract Coordination of Fresh Agri-Product Supply Chain
The development of the fresh-food e-commerce has led scholars to pay more attention to research on the agricultural product supply chain. The expanded demand for fresh agricultural products is both a challenge and an opportunity. The fresh produce supply chain can be seen as a process that starts with harvesting, with suppliers or other logistics service providers involved in freshness processing, packaging, and transportation, after which the produce is sold by retailers to end consumers. 
  • 394
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Contract Management
Contract management or contract administration is the management of contracts made with customers, vendors, partners, or employees. Contract management includes negotiating the terms and conditions in contracts and ensuring compliance with the terms and conditions, as well as documenting and agreeing on any changes or amendments that may arise during its implementation or execution. It can be summarized as the process of systematically and efficiently managing contract creation, execution, and analysis for the purpose of maximizing financial and operational performance and minimizing risk. Common commercial contracts include purchase orders, sales invoices, utility contracts, letters of engagement for the appointment of consultants and professionals, and construction contracts. Complex contracts are often necessary for construction projects, goods or services that are highly regulated, goods or services with detailed technical specifications, intellectual property (IP) agreements, outsourcing and international trade. Most larger contracts require the effective use of contract management software to aid administration among multiple parties. A study published in 2007 found that for "42% of enterprises ... the top driver for improvements in the management of contracts [was] the pressure to better assess and mitigate risks" and additionally, "nearly 65% of enterprises report that contract lifecycle management (CLM) has improved exposure to financial and legal risk".
  • 487
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Contractual Systems in Oil/Gas Sector
Production activities in the oil and gas industry are capital intensive and associated with high technology, with these assets not always being available to oil-producing countries or national companies. Any form of interaction between the parties involved in natural resource extraction requires clear regulation regarding contractual relationships. This study attempts to analyze Indonesia’s production sharing contract system in order to assess its applicability to other conditions. The article covers the key aspects of contract theory, provides a classification of contractual systems in the oil and gas sector, and discusses the most common types of contractual agreements. It also considers the key principles of production sharing contracts (PSCs), analyzes the development of PSC practices in Indonesia over the past sixty years, and highlights PSC advantages and disadvantages.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Conventional and Islamic Stock Indices during COVID-19 Pandemic
Islamic finance encompasses financial activities such as Islamic banking, Islamic insurance (Takaful), and Sharia-compliant credit, all adhering strictly to Islamic law (Sharia law). The term also includes Sharia-compliant investments and broader capital and equity markets.
  • 212
  • 18 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Cooperation of Fruit Farms with the Institutional Environment
The relationship between fruit growers and agricultural organizations is limited. The size of the indicator depends on the level of education of fruit growers and the area of the orchards. Fruit growers most often use advice and seek information about European Union programs. The development of cooperation between fruit farms and institutional environmental organizations reduces the mismatch between the offers of these organizations and the needs of fruit growers.
  • 179
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Corporate Financial Statements
Corporate financial statements address multiple stakeholders’ needs. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), among others, allow two different classifications, “by function of expense” and “by nature of expense”, for the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the period (from now on, also identified in short as “Income Statement”, or “IS”). XBRL standards ensure compliance and consistency in financial statements’ drafting and filing. XBRL taxonomies reflect the Income Statement IFRS disclosure requirement in the {310000} and {320000} codifications, respectively.
  • 745
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Corporate Governance
A good corporate governance relies on the existence of some trust relationships between the entity, the investors, and other interested parties.
  • 935
  • 26 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Corporate Governance and International Orientation on Firm Performance
Corporate governance is concerned with bringing the interests of investors/owners and managers in line and ensuring that firms are run for the benefit of investors. International Orientation refers to one’s capacity to function effectively in a highly complex business environment across national boundaries. Corporate governance is believed to be a major driver for possible future growth among Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises (SMEs) locally and internationally.
  • 103
  • 20 Feb 2024
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