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Topic Review
Tourism Marketing
This piece will focus on how tourism marketing could better place focus on local food and drink, to attract visitors interested in authenticity, and engender in them a deeper sense of place with their vacation destination.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Tourism Industry during Pandemic COVID-19
The tourism industry has always been affected by natural disasters or health crises, but the effects were local and could be combated. The global nature of the COVID-19 crisis has caused a domino effect that has profoundly affected the entire industry at the systemic level. Combating these effects can no longer be done through individual, local measures; a systemic approach is needed to manage the crisis better. There are also positive implications of the COVID-19 crisis on tourism in developed countries that have better addressed the health crisis. Given the traffic restrictions across borders, tourists will choose local facilities that will positively affect national tourism. Less developed countries, which are severely affected by the health crisis and have relied heavily on international tourism, are experiencing a sharp decline in the tourism industry.
  • 644
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Tourism in Economic Growth
Tourism is vital to the success of many economies worldwide and has been a widely researched area for many years. Unfortunately, an insufficient number of studies have been conducted on this subject in the context of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this research investigates the role of tourism in promoting economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by using annual time series data from 2003 to 2019. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Tourism Dynamics and Sustainability for Mediterranean Islands
Tourism may not sustainably support territories with limited natural resource stock such as islands. The volume of visitor arrivals and the industry investments can increase the pressure even beyond sustainable levels. There is an evident and unresolved tension between these two great polarities, sustainability and economic growth driven by tourism. 
  • 351
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Tourism Destination Marketing: Academic Knowledge
A holistic, multi-organization view of marketing or destination management organizations (DMOs) who must muster the best efforts of many partner organizations and individuals (stakeholders) to have the greatest success. Destination marketing is described as “a continuous, sequential process through which a DMO plans, researches, implements, controls and evaluates programs aimed at satisfying tourists’ needs and wants as well as the destination’s and DMO’s visions, goals and objectives”. The effectiveness of marketing activities depends on the efforts and plans of tourism suppliers and other entities. This definition posits that marketing is a managerial function/domain that should be performed in a systematic manner adopting and implementing the appropriate approaches, as well as suitable tools and methods. In doing so, it is believed that a tourism destination (through the organizational structure of a DMO) can attain the expected outputs beneficial to all stakeholders, i.e., the tourism industry, hosting communities/populations, and tourists/visitors. The effective implementation of tourism destination marketing principles and methods constitutes an efficient and smart pillar, a cornerstone to attain a balance/equilibrium between the perceptions and interests, sometimes conflicting, of stakeholders by minimizing the negative impacts and maximizing the benefits resulting from tourism. All the same, it is worth noting that marketing is not a panacea, nor a kind of magic stick. 
  • 4.1K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Tourism Commercialization and Perceived Authenticity
The concept of authenticity is closely related to heritage tourism, especially cultural heritage tourism. Seeking authenticity is one of the main trends in heritage tourism because people want to identify and understand themselves or reminisce about the past by looking back to the old ways of life and cultural traditions. Compared with actual authenticity, perceived authenticity has more value. It is a bridge between heritage authenticity and tourist experience. Heritage tourism is essentially a form of tourism that attracts tourists based on the commercialization of historical and cultural assets. A heritage site not only draws tourists to experience the authentic past, but it also provides them with a place for entertainment, relaxation and consumption. That is, heritage tourism development inevitably encounters commercialization. From a demand perspective, heritage tourism is an emotional experience, the perception of tourists at its core.
  • 5.5K
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Tourism Brand Management and COVID-19
The ongoing rapid spread of COVID-19 has severely impacted all sectors across the globe. The tourism industry is one of the most sensitive sectors in any crisis and also tends to be one of the last to recover after a crisis. During a crisis, survival is the key issue for all businesses. Many businesses learnt from the SARS epidemic of 2002 and realized that crisis management, i.e., the concept of developing a recovery plan, is vital. Brands tend to be significantly affected during a crisis if not properly managed, and it often requires significant resources to ensure that a brand survives during a period of adversity.
  • 525
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Tougher Plastics Ban Policies in China
After the Chinese government's new plastics ban policies issued in 2020, another set of tougher plastics ban measures were introduced in Shanghai, China in 2021. The tougher plastic ban polices completely forbade the usage of plastic carrier bags and required all supermarkets to sell only cloth or nylon carrier bags priced from RMB 1.0 to 39.0. Tougher plastics ban policies are penalty-oriented. The tougher plastics ban policies produce positive plastics reducing effects by observing significantly decreased usage of charged carrier bags by 46%, and significantly increased usage of old plastic bags and reusable bags by 117% and 36%, respectively. Policy execution loopholes are found in some supermarkets which do not follow the tougher plastics ban measures. Fortunately, the spill-over effects from tougher-measure-executing supermarkets fix this issue to some extent. The tougher 2021 measures fail to be the most powerful impacting factor on people’s usage of each type of bag. To produce better plastics reducing results, other bag-targeted measures are necessary.
  • 908
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Total Quality Management/Service Excellence in Container Shipping Industry
Service quality (SQ) is an important factor in sustaining relationships with your clients in the container shipping industry. Clients who request containership services have transportation needs that prioritize punctuality, reliability, connectivity, and other criteria over low freight rates. To put it another way, clients that utilize container shipping are more concerned about SQ; thus, total quality management (TQM) practices must be implemented to ensure high SQ levels that meet customer expectations. To do so, shipping firms must coordinate six TQM practices: managerial leadership, employee involvement, customer focus, process management, training, and supplier quality management in order to improve five SQ dimensions: tangibility, reliability, empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. This will help them perform better financially.
  • 280
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Tools for Estimating the Cost of Carbon
Concepts and models of climate economics developed by researchers and modelers in recent decades have been suitable primarily for large scales of analysis and often in a top-down manner. The local dimension of climate policy is increasingly testing the adequacy of these concepts and models, as local governments begin to explore how to estimate the cost of carbon locally and thereby a local carbon price to formulate progressive climate policy. The question is what existing concepts, models, and methods can do for local climate governance and for incorporating local GHG emissions reduction into national targets. The cost of carbon is the value attributed to one unit of carbon (per ton) and the price of carbon is the explicit price for that unit of carbon for the market. In climate policy, the cost of carbon should inform the price of carbon. Carbon pricing embraces these concepts as the “polluter pays” principle and in practice, carbon tax and the carbon market (e.g., emissions trading, carbon credits) are the most well-known carbon pricing mechanisms that reflect this principle. The cost-benefit considerations and impact assessment of climate policies need to include carbon cost concepts such as the SCC or MAC, which also can influence the structure of a given IAM that analyzes the impacts and associated costs. SCC and MAC as concepts are different and complementary, while IAMs as tools operationalize these concepts inclusively. IAMs have been developed to expand and integrate additional components as scientific knowledge on the climate system and climate economics advances. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that IAMs will include more features that take into account the increasing nuances required in carbon cost calculation and become more complex. The progresses of IAMs are expected to focus on microscales.
  • 417
  • 07 Mar 2022
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