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Topic Review
Investment Management
Investment management is the professional asset management of various securities (shares, bonds and other securities) and other assets (e.g., real estate) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g. mutual funds or exchange-traded funds). The term asset management is often used to refer to the investment management of collective investments, while the more generic fund management may refer to all forms of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors. Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of (normally wealthy) private investors may often refer to their services as money management or portfolio management often within the context of "private banking". The provision of investment management services includes elements of financial statement analysis, asset selection, stock selection, plan implementation and ongoing monitoring of investments. Coming under the remit of financial services many of the world's largest companies are at least in part investment managers and employ millions of staff. It remains unclear if professional investment managers can reliably enhance risk adjusted returns by an amount that exceeds fees and expenses of investment management. The term fund manager (or investment advisor in the United States) refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and an individual who directs fund management decisions. According to a Boston Consulting Group study, the assets managed professionally for fees reached an all-time high of US$62.4 trillion in 2012, after remaining flat-lined since 2007. Furthermore, these industry assets under management were expected to reach US$70.2 trillion at the end of 2013 as per a Cerulli Associates estimate. The global investment management industry is highly concentrated in nature, in a universe of about 70,000 funds roughly 99.7% of the US fund flows in 2012 went into just 185 funds. Additionally, a majority of fund managers report that more than 50% of their inflows go to only three funds.
  • 367
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Blue Jeans Consumer Behavior
A blue jeans brand committed to the environmental cause could position itself as unique and socially responsible and attract environmentally driven consumers.
  • 367
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Market Power in the Context of Globalization
Market power is a multidisciplinary concept, bringing together aspects from law and economics, which are necessary to be understood in order to assess market situations with a global dimension. Globalization is an economic and social phenomenon which comes together with enhanced market power for global actors. Factors influencing or limiting market power, such as corporate social responsibility, are important to understand in order to assess market power situations. According to European Union Law, the concept of market power is reflected in abuse of dominance, which is an anti-competitive behavior prohibited in the Common Market of the EU, as defined in Article—102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. An interdisciplinary approach based on elements of law and economics is thus necessary when assessing market power of global actors. 
  • 367
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Regulation of Data Abuse in Digital Platforms
Data abuse refers to the unauthorized acquisition and use of personal data by enterprises, organizations, or individuals, including but not limited to identity information, transaction records, and health records, without the explicit consent of users. With the booming platform economy, the governance of digital platforms has become a top priority for policymakers, regulators, and competition authorities around the world.
  • 367
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Development of Analytics Capability in Supply Chain Organizations
Developing analytics capability has become one of the main priorities in organizations today. Despite the increasing use of analytics, the necessary conditions to obtain the expected benefits from such investment still need to be examined. Supply chain process integration enhances firms’ analytics capability. Analytics capability alone is not sufficient in improving firm performance; it must be complemented with employees’ analytics skills. 
  • 367
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Transaction Network Structural Shift under Crisis
In 2008, the Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy, accumulated from the global financial crisis, proved a unique role of the highly interconnected financial entities. Shocks in a bank might trigger loss, induce spillovers, provoke a contagion shock spreading to other entities, trigger the whole banking system to collapse, and ultimately unsettle the worldwide economy. The global financial market was stressed as worldwide investors tried to sell simultaneously, while banks were having trouble finding other financing sources. Banks’ liquidity problems, spread over the whole system, triggered the world financial market panic. The continuous failures spread in a short time, proving that the entities incorporated in the financial system are highly interdependent to each other. 
  • 366
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Shared-Mobility Services
Shared-mobility services (SMS) remain a part of a wider sharing economy (SE) phenomenon developing in various spheres of the economy, i.e., finance, accommodation or transport. Today transport systems have become multimodal and the evolution of shared mobility has resulted in its many forms. It is about the shared use of a vehicle, motorcycle, scooter, bicycle, or other travel mode that provides users with short-term access to a transportation mode on an as-needed basis.
  • 366
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Cap-and-Trade Mechanism
Toward sustainability, the insurer explicitly captures the credit risk from the borrowing firms, participating in the cap-and-trade scheme to reduce carbon emissions, an essential issue of carbon emission and environmental protection when facing gray rhino threats. In addition, the energy economics and policy analysis are from the fund-providing insurer’s perspective. Green lending policies and life insurance policy loans (i.e., disintermediation related to insurance stability) are crucial to managers and regulators, particularly bridging the borrowing-firm carbon transactions for carbon emission reductions toward sustainability.
  • 365
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency and Economic Policy
Reduced energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases are the results of increased energy efficiency. Additionally, energy efficiency measures can also promote energy equity by improving the accessibility and affordability of energy services for low-income and marginalized communities, leading to positive economic outcomes. Increasing energy efficiency can be accomplished in several ways, for instance, through the adoption of more effective technology, the modification of existing building designs, and individual behavioral shifts. Energy efficiency is crucial since it has been shown to cut costs, decrease emissions of greenhouse gases, and improve environmental conditions. Energy efficiency lessens demands for fossil fuels and the emissions that come with them by cutting energy consumption. It also aids in the preservation of finite and more expensive to extract natural resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Energy efficiency can also lead to lower energy bills; boosting people’s disposable pay in this way can boost the economy and lead to more job opportunities. Public health can also benefit from energy efficiency since it lessens the need for energy infrastructure such as power plants and transmission lines, which in turn reduces air pollution.
  • 365
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Internet Development and Green Total Factor Productivity
The strategy of sustainable development is not only a long-term plan for the survival and development of the Chinese nation, but also an inevitable requirement for the coordinated economic and social development of all countries in the world. With the rapid development of new-generation information technology, the Internet may play an even more important role in the implementation of sustainable development strategies. 
  • 365
  • 04 Sep 2023
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