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Topic Review
Geranium sanguineum L.
Bloody cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum L.) is a flowering perennial herb with a natural range extending over Europe. The herb is used in the ethnopharmacological practice in Bulgaria. Infusions and decoctions from the roots and aerial parts can be used as a rinse for inflamed mucous membranes of the mouth and respiratory tract, a wash for wounds or skin eruptions, for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hypotensive, and immunostimulant activity, as well as for supportive treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, and enterocolitis. 
  • 84
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
scATAC-seq in Plants
The Single-cell Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high throughput sequencing (scATAC-seq) has gained increasing popularity in recent years, allowing for chromatin accessibility to be deciphered and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to be inferred at single-cell resolution. This cutting-edge technology now enables the genome-wide profiling of chromatin accessibility at the cellular level and the capturing of cell-type-specific cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that are masked by cellular heterogeneity in bulk assays. Additionally, it can also facilitate the identification of rare and new cell types based on differences in chromatin accessibility and charting of cellular developmental trajectories within lineage-related cell clusters. Due to technical challenges and limitations, the data generated from scATAC-seq exhibits unique features, often characterized by high sparsity and noise, even within the same cell type. To address these challenges, various bioinformatic tools have been developed. Furthermore, the application of scATAC-seq in plant science is still in its infancy, with most research focusing on root tissues and model plant species.
  • 85
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Shoot Apical Meristem
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to the aerial structure of plants by producing lateral organs and other meristems. The SAM is responsible for plant developmental patterns, thus determining plant morphology and, consequently, many agronomic traits such as the number and size of fruits and flowers and kernel yield.
  • 144
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Regulatory Networks of Seed Size in Soybean
Soybean being a major cash crop provides half of the vegetable oil and a quarter of the plant proteins to the global population. Seed size traits are the most important agronomic traits determining the soybean yield. These are complex traits governed by polygenes with low heritability as well as are highly influenced by the environment as well as by genotype x environment interactions. Extensive efforts have been made to unravel the genetic basis and molecular mechanism of seed size in soybean. 
  • 104
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Rubi idaei fructus as a Source of Antioxidants
Given the increased incidence of lifestyle diseases, scientists are searching for natural bioactive compounds with a broad spectrum of activity but no side effects to be used in the production of pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Rubi idaei fructus is a promising source of antioxidants that can serve as substitutes for synthetic agents in prophylaxis and adjuvant therapies.
  • 121
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Trichoderma Species as Biocontrol Inoculant in Crop Rhizosphere
The fungal species belonging to the genus Trichoderma has been globally recognized as a potential candidate of biofertilizer and biocontrol agent to prevent devastating soil-borne fungal pathogens and enhance growth and productivity of agricultural crops. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma to pathogenic fungi is attributed to several mechanisms including antibiosis and enzymatic hydrolysis, which are largely associated with a wide range of metabolites secreted by the Trichoderma species. Besides suppressing target pathogens, several metabolites produced by Trichoderma species may act against non-pathogenic beneficial soil microbial communities and perform unintended alterations within the structures and functions of microbial communities in the crop rhizosphere. Multiple microbial interactions have been shown to enhance biocontrol efficacy in many cases as compared to bioinoculant employed alone. 
  • 134
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Homeostasis in Plants
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle and plays essential roles in protein folding, lipid biosynthesis, detoxification, calcium storage, and carbohydrate metabolism. In plants, ER stress usually occurs when they are subjected to unfavorable environmental conditions or at specific developmental stages. An evolutionarily conserved signal network, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated during ER stress to restore ER homeostasis.
  • 140
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Seed Deterioration and Ageing
Seeds are classified as either: orthodox, seeds that tolerate dehydration; recalcitrant, seeds that are high in moisture content and cannot withstand intensive desiccation; or intermediate, seeds that survive dehydration but die during dry storage at low temperatures. Seed lifespan depends on the seed category and also varies from one species to another. The rate of loss of vigor and viability of orthodox seeds depends mainly on temperature and seed moisture content (MC); the lower the MC and storage temperature, the longer the longevity. Ultimately, storage in liquid nitrogen or seed ultra-drying by well-adapted processes should allow for long-term storage. 
  • 107
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Improving Economically Valuable Traits in Crops
The purpose of crop quality improvement is to control and enhance the genetic characteristics of crops through breeding technology to boost the production performance of crops and to improve quality indicators such as palatability and nutrients. The development and improvement of molecular biology methods have led to the creation of new technologies that make it possible to modify plant genomes by transferring and integrating into the genomes’ heterologous genes from various expression systems (genetic engineering), as well as inducing knockouts of one or more target genes of interest (genomic editing). The development of genome-editing methods is a new milestone in the development of modern breeding methods and certainly relies on the knowledge and technologies developed for transgenesis.
  • 80
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Starch Modifications Outside the Plant System
Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. 
  • 235
  • 22 Jan 2024
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