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Topic Review
Aha! In perceptual Experience and Problem-Solving Cognition
The Gestalt psychologists’ theory of insight problem-solving was based on a direct parallelism between perceptual experience and higher-order forms of cognition (e.g., problem-solving). Similarly, albeit not exclusively, to the sudden recognition of bistable figures, these psychologists contended that problem-solving involves a restructuring of one’s initial representation of the problem’s elements, leading to a sudden leap of understanding phenomenologically indexed by the “Aha!” feeling. Over the last century, different scholars have discussed the validity of the Gestalt psychologists’ perspective, foremost using the behavioral measures available at the time. However, scientists have gained a deeper understanding of insight problem-solving due to the advancements in cognitive neuroscience.
  • 584
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ahiṃsā
Ahimsa (also spelt Ahinsa) (Sanskrit: अहिंसा IAST: ahiṃsā, Pāli: avihiṃsā) ("nonviolence," although see Etymology below) is an ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to all living beings. It is a key virtue in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Ahimsa is one of the cardinal virtues of Jainism, where it is first of the Pancha Mahavrata. It is also the first of the five precepts of Buddhism. Ahimsa is a multidimensional concept, inspired by the premise that all living beings have the spark of the divine spiritual energy; therefore, to hurt another being is to hurt oneself. Ahimsa has also been related to the notion that any violence has karmic consequences. While ancient scholars of Hinduism pioneered and refined the principles of Ahimsa, the concept also reached an extraordinary development in the ethical philosophy of Jainism. lord Parsvanatha, the twenty-third tirthankara of Jainism, revived and preached the concept of non-violence in the 8th century BCE. Mahaviraswami, the twenty-fourth and the last tirthankara further strengthened the idea in the 6th century BCE. Perhaps the most popular advocate of the principle of Ahimsa was Mahatma Gandhi. Ahimsa's precept of 'cause no injury' includes one's deeds, words, and thoughts. Classical Hindu texts like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as modern scholars, debate principles of Ahimsa when one is faced with war and situations requiring self-defence. Historical Indian literature has in this way contributed to modern theories of Just War and self-defence.
  • 3.9K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
AI Agent Model for Extrinsic Emotion Regulation
Emotion regulation is the human ability to modulate one’s or other emotions to maintain emotional well-being. Despite its importance, only a few computational models have been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation. To address this gap, a computational model for intelligent agents has been proposed for facilitating emotion regulation in individuals. This model is grounded in a multidimensional emotion representation and on J. Gross’s theoretical framework of emotion regulation. In this apporach, an intelligent agent selects the most appropriate regulation strategies to reach or maintain an individual’s emotional equilibrium considering the individual’s personality traits and specific characteristics.
  • 242
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
AI and ChatGPT for Advancing Teaching and Learning
Technological advancements, especially artificial intelligence (AI), have significantly transformed educational practices. The development and adoption of Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), particularly OpenAI’s ChatGPT, has sparked considerable interest. The unprecedented capabilities of these models, such as generating humanlike text and facilitating automated conversations, have broad implications in various sectors, including education and health.
  • 404
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
AI Literacy for Primary and Middle School Teachers
As smart technology promotes the development of various industries, artificial intelligence (AI) has also become an important driving force for innovation and transformation in education. For teachers, how to skillfully apply AI in teaching and improve their AI literacy has become a necessary goal for their sustainable professional development. 
  • 480
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
AI-Based and Big Data Analytics on Urban Planning
In order to enable a holistic approach to design and planning, there is a need to integrate those data sources and combine them with other more traditional methods of urban assessment. At the same time, there are still various concerns about big data analytics based on AI-related tools connected, for example, with the accessibility to and accuracy of big data, as well as the limitations of different types of AI-based tools which do not permit this kind of analytics to fully replace traditional urban planning analyses. In terms of technological change, the application of big data in design and planning may greatly support traditional planning methods and provide conditions for innovation; however, due to its limitations, it can only enrich but in no way replace traditional urban studies.
  • 3.3K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
AI-Based Model for Knowledge Evaluation in Public Organizations
In the construction of knowledge bases, it is very important to evaluate the quality of the knowledge entered into them. Artificial Intelligence (AI) development has led to the research of knowledge management tools for multi-user environments, among many other AI applications. In the knowledge management field, the construction of ontologies as knowledge repositories using various sources requires a means of evaluation of all: the input ontologies and the integration process on the output ontology. The results obtained from the evaluations serve as guides to measure the quality of the repository.
  • 166
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Air Pollution and Settlement Intention in China
Air pollution has a significant negative effect on migrants’ settlement intention. The effect of air pollution on settlement intention is influenced by individual socioeconomic status; that education level, as an indicator of cognitive ability, affects migrants’ motivation to migrate; and that personal income, as an indicator of economic ability, affects the feasibility of their migration. Motivation to migrate and the feasibility of moving determine together the divergence in settlement intention, and those with higher incomes and higher education levels are more likely to leave cities with serious air pollution. Third, the heterogeneous effects suggested that the negative effect of air pollution was greater for older, male, and married migrants. Air pollution has a variety of effects on the heterogeneous migrants, resulting in changes in the demographic structure of cities.
  • 421
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Air Pollution and Travelers
Traveler's optimal route choice is impacted by air pollution.
  • 744
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Air Pollution Governance and Residents’ Happiness in China
Humans constantly seek happiness. So, what exactly is happiness? In short, happiness can both be expressed as yearning and joy. It impacts social development and economic progress. Countries with relatively high levels of happiness often have a more liberal, creative, and inspiring social environment. Enhancing people’s happiness should be the standard of public policies. With the growing prominence of air pollution issues, governments and scholars have started to pay attention to happiness as it relates to air pollution. However, the relevant research has been limited in China, and the results are not clear, with little attention given to subjective perception related to air pollution. China has strengthened its efforts in containing air pollution, striving to fulfill the people’s longing for a blue sky.
  • 225
  • 15 Nov 2023
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