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Topic Review
Causation
Causation refers to the relationship between cause and effect, where one event or factor (the cause) brings about or influences another event or outcome (the effect). In scientific inquiry, establishing causation involves demonstrating that changes in one variable directly result in changes in another variable, often through empirical observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis, while considering alternative explanations and potential confounding factors. This concept underpins our understanding of causal mechanisms and the interconnectedness of phenomena in various fields of study, from natural sciences to social sciences.
  • 222
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
CBT-E for Eating Disorders
Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy, also known as CBT-E, is a “transdiagnostic” psychological treatment for all forms of eating disorder including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other similar states. CBT-E is the only treatment recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for all the forms of eating disorders both for adults and adolescents
  • 2.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
CELTA
CELTA (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults) is an initial teacher training qualification for teaching English as a second or foreign language (ESL and EFL). It is provided by Cambridge Assessment English through authorised Cambridge English Teaching Qualification centres and can be taken either full-time or part-time. CELTA was developed to be suitable both for those interested in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and for Teaching English to the Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). CELTA is designed for candidates with little or no previous English language teaching (ELT) experience. It is also taken by candidates with some teaching experience who have received little practical teacher training or who wish to gain internationally recognised qualification. Candidates should have English language skills equivalent to at least C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) or an IELTS score of 7. CELTA gives equal emphasis to theory and practice. The strong practical element demonstrates to employers that successful candidates have the skills to succeed in the classroom. Courses can be taken full-time or part-time and either fully face-to-face or in a blended format that combines on-line self-study with practical teaching experience. A full-time, face-to-face course typically lasts between four and five weeks. CELTA is a continuous assessment course (i.e. participants are assessed throughout the course) leading to a certificate qualification. Candidates who successfully complete the course can start working in a variety of English language teaching contexts around the world. CELTA is regulated at Level 5 of the Qualifications and Credit Framework for England, Wales and N. Ireland and is suitable for teachers at Foundation and Developing level on the Cambridge English Teaching Framework.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Census of India Prior to Independence
The Census of India prior to independence was conducted periodically from 1865 to 1941. The censuses were primarily concerned with administration and faced numerous problems in their design and conduct ranging from the absence of house numbering in hamlets to cultural objections on various grounds to dangers posed by wild animals to census personnel. The censuses were designed more for social engineering and to further the British agenda for governance than to uncover the underlying structure of the population. The sociologist Michael Mann called the census exercise "more telling of the administrative needs of the British than of the social reality for the people of British India". The differences in the nature of Indian society during the British Raj from the value system and the societies of the West were highlighted by the inclusion of "caste", "religion", "profession" and "age" in the data to be collected, as the collection and analysis of that information had a considerable impact on the structure and political overtones of Indian society.
  • 349
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Centralized Payment Network Advertisements on Digital Branding
Crises are always challenging for banking systems. In the case of COVID-19, centralized payment networks and FinTech companies’ websites have been affected by user behavior globally. As a result, there is ample opportunity for marketing managers and professionals to focus on big data from FinTech websites. This can contribute to a better understanding of the variables impacting their brand name and how to manage risk during crisis periods. 
  • 458
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Certified Engineering Technologist
Certified Engineering Technologist is a Canadian professional title awarded on the basis of academic qualification and work experience. Abbreviated as C.E.T., most Canadian provincial engineering and applied science technology associations offer this certification. Certification is voluntary and does not represent a provincial regulatory requirement or a statutory required license.
  • 488
  • 07 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chakma Alphabet
The Chakma alphabet (Ajhā pāṭh), also called Ojhapath, Ojhopath, Aaojhapath, is an abugida used for the Chakma language.
  • 912
  • 30 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Challenges behind the Implementation of the Precautionary Principle
Having examined the implementation of the precautionary principle in law making, law enforcement, and judicial application, it can be concluded that the principle has not been effectively implemented, at least not in law enforcement and judicial application stages. Before proposing any recommendations to improve the situation, this article identified two key challenges behind current implementation status. One is about the complexity of the principle itself, and the other is about the political willingness.
  • 465
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Challenges Faced by the Disabled Population
Despite the destination’s great potential in terms of attractions and recreational facilities, there are measurable deficits in accessible tourism. If tourism operators want to take advantage of the rising tide of accessible tourism to attract more tourists and have a competitive advantage in this growing niche market, they should improve infrastructure facilities to meet the needs of disabled tourists.
  • 954
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Challenges in Managing American Unconventional Natural Gas Development
The United States sits atop vast reserves of natural gas. Geologists estimate that the nation is endowed with approximately 2828.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, with most of the recoverable reserves lying thousands of feet beneath the earth’s surface in tight shale formations. To extract natural gas from the tight shale, producers employ a technique known as hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing requires millions of gallons of water, sand, and chemicals to be pumped through wells at high pressures to break up the rock, free the gas, and transport it to the surface. Because this process differs from traditional or conventional natural gas extraction, hydraulically fractured wells are known as unconventional wells, and hydraulic fracturing is known as unconventional natural gas development.
  • 290
  • 07 Apr 2023
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