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Topic Review
Early Childhood Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and preschools worldwide have been suspended, causing many challenges for students, parents, and teachers. Through home-schooling, preschool children struggle to accept new (online) learning modes. Teachers need to acquire digital skills quickly to deliver online teaching, while parents need to take on the role of a tutor at home to facilitate their children’s learning.
  • 996
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Attention-Setting and Human Mental Function: An Introduction
Adapted from the longer article  [url link to original article] This entry provides an introduction to experimental research on top-down human attention in complex scenes, written for cognitive scientists in general. The entry emphasizes effects of human goals and intention on mental function, measured with behavioral experiments. Top-down attention is described as attention-setting — an open category of skillful mental actions that initiate particular task sets, which are assembled from a wide range of mental processes. Experimental research on visual search, task switching, and temporal attention is outlined and extended to the important human time scale of seconds.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Destination Foodscapes
Foodscape conceptualizes the dynamic human–food–place nexus. Tourism provides a cross-cultural context where tourists can consume different destination foods and places, during which multiple types of destination foodscapes are produced. It is an aggregative concept interconnecting the place, identity, culture, foodstuff, service and human and provides scholars relational thinking about these actors. Specifically in the consumer and cultural studies, foodscape helps to understand how people consume and experience food in interaction with the environments and social-cultural contexts. They connect with each other to form a complete gastronomic experiencescape.
  • 659
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Guided Reading Teaching Approach
The guided reading teaching approach is a commonly utilised practice that teachers have employed for over 20 years, both in Australia and abroad. What the approach entails, can be open to interpretation—an outcome that highlights the challenge of describing the approach in clear and unambiguous terms. 
  • 752
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Effects of COVID-19 on Leisure among Youth
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the lives of millions, including young people, who are in a vital stage during which leisure has had a preponderant role in their lifestyles, characterized by the search for experiences outside the family environment and forms of leisure dependent on friendships as a source for well-being (physical, cognitive, social, and emotional). 
  • 462
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Dark Triad Psychopathy
Dark Triad traits and self-control are considered viable causal precursors to antisocial and criminal outcomes in youth. 
  • 552
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Digital Mathematics Textbooks
Digital mathematics textbooks differ from traditional printed textbooks in, among other things, their dynamic structural elements, representing a potential that traditional textbooks cannot fulfil. Notably, dynamic structural elements, i.e., multimodal representations of mathematics, could be of particular importance for learning, which is why the scientific interest in digital mathematics textbooks has increased and many digital textbooks have been developed.
  • 846
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Social Innovation in Rural Areas
Social innovation is gaining momentum in academia, policy and practice, as a process by which local communities generate new social relations and become more capable of addressing social needs and opportunities. This entry describes the most essential facts of social innovation processes in rural communities. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Indigenous Kinabatangan Perspectives on Climate Change Adaptations
Indigenous perspectives on the effects of climate change are frequently elicited through surveys and interviews, and the responses are compared to meteorological data. However, there remains a limited approach to examining the underlying predictors that best determine Indigenous support for adaptation strategies. Some Indigenous communities do not draw a causal link between the effects and responses to climate hazards. Coping strategies such as the inclusion of Indigenous livelihoods, a bottom-up approach, and transparent communication are suggested to cultivate Indigenous support for climate change adaptation. 
  • 465
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
MCDM Approach in Steel Industry
Supply chain sustainability, which takes environmental, economic, and social factors into account, was recently recognized as a critical component of the supply chain (SC) management evaluation process and known as a multi-criteria decision-making problem (MCDM) that is heavily influenced by the decision-makers. While some criteria can be analyzed numerically, a large number of qualitative criteria require expert review in linguistic terms.
  • 513
  • 17 Jun 2022
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