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Topic Review
Bee Products Treat Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Related Infertility
Bee products, including honey, have been utilized since ancient times for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. Other bee products such as bee pollen, royal jelly, and propolis have caught a lot of attention. Being high in antioxidants and bioactive compounds, these products have established their applications in the pharmaceutical field as supplementary or alternative medicines. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) as a hormonal disorder in which the ovaries produce an irregular quantity of androgen. Bee products, especially honey, have been used since ancient times as a safer alternative to sugar. Being rich in antioxidants, honey indirectly helps PCOS patients by lowering the risk of oxidative stress, inflammation, and type-2 diabetes.
  • 2.3K
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique for generating embryos with genomic information identical to that of donor cells. SCNT has presented various insights into the process of de-differentiation by cellular reprogramming.  Now authors are focusing on the challenge of understanding the potential of pluripotent stem cells and the safe use. Moreover, stem cells from livestock have provided many potential to the academic field as well as medical and industrial applications.
  • 2.0K
  • 12 May 2021
Topic Review
Caffeine Consumption and Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common disorder defined as the presence of endometrial tissue (glandular cells and stroma) outside the uterine cavity.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Endometrial Sampling Procedures in Cattle
Endometrial infections are a common cause of reproductive loss in cattle. Accurate diagnosis is important to reduce the economic losses caused by endometritis. A range of sampling procedures have been developed which enable collection of endometrial tissue or luminal cells or uterine fluid. However, as these are all invasive procedures, there is a risk that sampling around the time of breeding may adversely affect subsequent pregnancy rate. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transient condition characterized by carbohydrate intolerance, hyperglycemia, peripheral insulin resistance, insufficient insulin secretion or activity, endothelial dysfunction, and low-grade inflammation during pregnancy, frequently with the first onset between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Reproductive Technologies Used in Male Neo-Tropical Hystricomorphic Rodents
To improve efficient reproduction, reproductive technologies are commonly used in domesticated animals; therefore, it is wise to explore the feasibility of their application on Neo-tropical rodents, an alternative meat source with the potential to aid in conservation and wildlife farming. However, there must first be a proper understanding of their reproductive anatomy, before reproductive technologies can be utilized. The penis of the agouti and the paca (Cuniculus paca), for example, were found to be covered in penile spines with two keratinized spines and two lateral penile cartilages on either side of the glans penis, unlike the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Different methods can be used to collect semen from these animals and, based on the performed review, it has been shown that coconut water powder (ACP-123) is a good diluent for both the agouti and the paca, giving higher spermatozoa parameters compared with those obtained via electro ejaculation. 
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Bisphenol A-Induced Male Infertility
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor present in epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, which negatively disturbs the male reproductive system affecting male fertility. In vivo studies showed that BPA exposure has deleterious effects on spermatogenesis by disturbing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and inducing oxidative stress in the testis. This compound seems to disrupt hormone signalling even at low concentrations, modifying the levels of inhibin B, oestradiol, and testosterone. The adverse effects on seminal parameters are mainly supported by studies based on urinary BPA concentration, showing a negative association between BPA levels and sperm concentration, motility, normal morphology and sperm DNA damage.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Natural Biomolecules in Sperm Production
Poor semen quality and abnormal sperm structure or function by and large constitute a predominant presentation of male infertility and are among the major reasons why couples seek the services of assisted reproduction. Natural biomolecules, such as polyphenols or flavonoids have garnered substantial attention from the scientific community as well as public media. In the meantime, it has been suggested that administration of natural biomolecules has been shown to have a positive impact male infertility. A number of in vivo as well as in vitro studies have reported that active components isolated from natural resources could enhance blood circulation in the male reproductive system and support the synthesis and secretion of androgens. Animal and human reports also suggest that natural biomolecules may play important roles in the enhancement of semen quality, including sperm concentration, motility, vitality, and structural integrity. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Coenzyme Q10 and Oocyte Quality
Acquiring oocyte competence requires optimal mitochondrial function and adequate ATP levels. In this context, CoQ10 supplementation may improve human oocyte quality and subsequent reproductive performance given its role in ATP synthesis and mitochondrial protection from ROS oxidative damage. In infertility treatments, CoQ10 therapy can be orally supplied to promote a more favorable environment for oocyte development in vivo or by its addition to culture media in an attempt to improve its quality in vitro. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Epigenetics and Probiotics Application in Fish Reproductive Performance
Fish represent an excellent source of animal protein as well as a biomedical research model as a result of their evolutionary relatedness and similarity with the human genome. Commercial and ornamental fish culture has achieved popularity, but reproductive dysfunctions act as a limiting factor for quality fry production, interfering with the sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Fish reproduction is crucial for any species’ existence, and reproductive performance can potentially be improved through applications of epigenetics and probiotics. Epigenetics is a highly sensitive molecular approach that includes chromatin structure and function alteration, DNA methylation, and modification of non-coding RNA molecules for the transfer of desired information from parents to offspring. DNA methyltransferase improves reproductive cyp11a1, esr2b, and figla gene expression and feminizes zebrafish (Danio rerio). Moreover, epigenetics also contributes to genome stability, environmental plasticity, and embryonic development. However, methylation of specific genes can negatively affect sperm quality, resulting in poor fertilization. Probiotic administration is able to induce responsiveness of incompetent follicles to maturation-inducing hormones and can change oocyte chemical composition during vitellogenic development. The positive role of probiotics on testicular cells is validated by upregulating the transcription levels of leptin, bdnf, and dmrt1 genes facilitating the spermatogenesis.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Heavy Metals on Male Fertility
Heavy metals are endocrine disruptors which interfere with processes mediated by endogenous hormones of the organism, negatively affecting endocrine functions. Some studies have correlated heavy metal exposure with male infertility. However, the number of studies conducted on humans are limited. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Benefits of the Phytoestrogen Resveratrol for Perimenopausal Women
Endometriosis, characterized by macroscopic lesions in the ovaries, is a serious problem for women who desire conception. Damage to the ovarian cortex is inevitable when lesions are removed via surgery, which finally decreases the ovarian reserve, thereby accelerating the transition to the menopausal state. Resveratrol, a plant-derived molecule that promotes the function and expression of the sirtuin, SIRT1, has been attracting attention, and many reports have shown that resveratrol might exert cardiovascular protective effects. 
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Alcohol Consumption and Male Fertility
Heavy alcohol consumption (defined as more than 3 and 4 drinks in a day, or more than 7 and 14 drinks weekly, for women and men, respectively) is reported to negatively affect human health, promote traffic accidents, and alter social behaviors, with severe repercussions for personal, social, and professional lives. Clinically, alcohol consumption has been correlated with an increased incidence of different types of cancer , cardiovascular  and liver diseases, birth defects, and psychiatric disorders.
  • 996
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea in women of childbearing age. It is a reversible disorder caused by stress related to weight loss, excessive exercise and/or traumatic mental experiences. The basis of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is hormonal, based on impaired pulsatile GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus, then decreased secretion of gonadotropins, and, consequently, impaired hormonal function of the ovaries. This disorder leads to hypoestrogenism, manifested by a disturbance of the menstrual cycle in the form of amenorrhea, leading to anovulation. Prolonged state of hypoestrogenism can be very detrimental to general health, leading to many harmful short- and long-term consequences. 
  • 958
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Epigenetics in the Uterine Environment
The societal burden of non-communicable disease is closely linked with environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviours, including the adherence to a poor maternal diet from the earliest preimplantation period of the life course onwards. Epigenetic variations caused by a compromised maternal nutritional status can affect embryonic development and offspring health later in life.
  • 872
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mammalian Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion
Mammalian reproduction is mainly driven and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is a key regulator that ultimately affects animal fertility. As a dimeric glycoprotein hormone, the biological specificity of FSH is mainly determined by the β subunit. As research techniques are being continuously innovated, studies are exploring the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the secretion of mammalian FSH. 
  • 866
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Taste Receptors and Sperm Biology
Taste receptors were first described as sensory receptors located on the tongue, where they are expressed in small clusters of specialized epithelial cells. Taste receptors and components of the coupled taste transduction cascade are also expressed during the different phases of spermatogenesis as well as in mature spermatozoa from mouse to humans and the overlap between the ligand spectrum of taste receptors with compounds in the male and female reproductive organs makes it reasonable to assume that sperm “taste” these different cues in their natural microenvironments. 
  • 852
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Genetic of Intracranial Haemorrhage
Fetal Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) can be accurately identified in utero and categorized by antenatal sonography and/or MRI. Infectious disease, maternal drug exposure, alloimmune thrombocytopenia, maternal trauma, coagulation disorders and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome can cause fetal ICH.
  • 803
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Human Milk
Human milk is considered the most advantageous source of nourishment for infants. Even though there is no ideal composition of human milk, it still contains a unique combination of components that contribute to brain development.
  • 796
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ejaculatory Abstinence Interval
A shorter than routinely recommended at present (up to seven days based on the WHO Manual) ejaculatory abstinence interval may result in improved sperm parameters, such as sperm DNA fragmentation, progressive motility or morphology with a potential clinical benefit in IVF/ICSI cycles. In this regard, patients should be discouraged from abstaining for a prolonged time due to the potential negative impact on both semen parameters and clinical outcomes. Further studies to better define the optimum abstinence interval within the SAP are urgently warranted.
  • 796
  • 25 Nov 2021
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