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Topic Review
ACHP Targets the STAT3
STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes which are involved in malignant transformation. Aberrant activation of STAT3 has been observed in a wide range of human malignancies and its role in negative prognosis is well-documented. In this report, we performed high-throughput virtual screening in search of STAT3 signaling inhibitors using a cheminformatics platform and identified 2-Amino-6-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-6-Hydroxyphenyl]-4-Piperidin-4-yl Nicotinonitrile (ACHP) as the inhibitor of the STAT3 signaling pathway. The predicted hit was evaluated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines for its STAT3 inhibitory activity. In vitro experiments suggested that ACHP decreased the cell viability and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705 of NSCLC cells. In addition, ACHP imparted inhibitory activity on the constitutive activation of upstream protein tyrosine kinases, including JAK1, JAK2, and Src. ACHP decreased the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and downregulated its DNA binding ability. Apoptosis was evidenced by cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP with the subsequent decline in antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and survivin. Overall, we report that ACHP can act as a potent STAT3 signaling inhibitor in NSCLC cell lines.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Homogenization in the Dairy Industry
The homogenization treatment and the main effects responsible for its application in the food industry are defined. It is shown how the main applications have evolved towards the increase of the functionality of food and valorization of waste from the food industry as a consequence of technological development of valves and the higher pressures applied. Finally, high pressure homogenization technology is recognized as a soft and green technology with great potential for use in the food industry.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Comorbid Conditions in COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem with increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. There are remaining issues that are difficult to resolve with the current treatment algorithm. COPD patients face a number of unmet needs such as symptoms, exacerbations, physical inactivity, and loss of social activities. In this article, we categorize potential therapeutic targets from the viewpoint of pulmonary and systemic comorbid conditions,, and address recent data concerning the pathophysiological link with COPD and the impact of intervention for comorbid conditions, in order to obtain evidence that could enable us to provide personalized COPD management. 
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Oct 2020
Topic Review
When 5G Meets Deep Learning
This paper presents a systematic review about how deep learning is being applied to solve some 5G issues. Differently from the current literature, we examine data from the last decade and the works that address diverse 5G specific problems, such as physical medium state estimation, network traffic prediction, user device location prediction, self network management, among others. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Human Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma (OSA) (also called osteogenic sarcoma) is the most common type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is the most frequent pediatric primary bone tumor. OSA is a rare mesenchymal bone neoplasm derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Genome disorganization, chromosomal modifications, deregulation of tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair defects are the factors most responsible for OSA development. Recent Progress in nanotechnology platforms in human OSA inspire new ideas to develop more effective therapeutic options.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mental Imagery
Mental imagery is a term used to describe the cognitive process of simulating sensations, actions, or other types of experiences through generating and using mental images, including metaphors.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Acridine-Based Antimalarials
Malaria is among the deadliest infectious diseases in the world caused by Plasmodium parasites.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
LGR4
Leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) is a receptor that belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors that can be activated by R-spondins (RSPOs), Norrin, circLGR4, and the ligand of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL) ligands to regulate signaling pathways in normal and pathological processes.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
Characterization of Electrospun Scaffold Morphology
Electrospun scaffolds are an important focus of regenerative tissue engineering due to their extremely thin fibers with large surface areas, superior mechanical properties, and ease of processing. Studies to design, fabricate and characterize fibrous scaffolds have been manifold. The characterization of morphology is essential to the main purpose of such scaffolds: to aid in cell proliferation. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
DO-160
DO-160, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment is a standard for the environmental testing of avionics hardware. It is published by the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) and supersedes DO-138.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scalindua
"Candidatus Scalindua" is a bacterial genus, and a proposed member of the order Planctomycetes. These bacteria lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall and have a compartmentalized cytoplasm. They are ammonium oxidizing bacteria found in marine environments.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh
Climate change adaptation is a pressing issue in Bangladesh. The country is one of the most impacted by climate change. Factors such as frequent natural disasters, lack of infrastructure, high population density (166 million people living in an area of 147 000 km2 ), an extractivist economy and social disparities are increasing the vulnerability of the country in facing the current changing conditions. There, in almost every year, large regions suffer from more intense events like cyclones, floods and erosion. The mentioned adverse events are slowing the development of the country by bringing almost to collapse socio-economical and environmental systems. Climate Change adaptation plays a crucial role in fostering the country's development. This is already being considered as a synergic urgent action together with other pressing factors such as the permanent threat of shocks – natural, economic or political- the uncertain impact of globalization, and an imbalanced world trade impede higher growth rates.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Biography
Paul Thagard
Paul Richard Thagard FRSC (/ˈθeɪɡɑːrd/; born 1950) is a Canadian philosopher who specializes in cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of science and medicine. Thagard is a professor emeritus of philosophy at the University of Waterloo. He is a writer, and has contributed to research in analogy and creativity, inference, cognition in the history of science, and the role
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Biography
Robert Muller
Robert Muller (March 11, 1923 – September 20, 2010) was an international civil servant with the United Nations . Serving with the UN for 40 years and rising to the rank of Assistant Secretary-General, his ideas about world government, world peace and spirituality led to the increased representation of religions in the UN, especially of New Age Movement. He was known by some as "the philosopher
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Classification and Applications of 2D Xenes
Single-element-based 2D materials (Xenes) have garnered tremendous interest. At present, 16 kinds of Xenes (silicene, borophene, germanene, phosphorene, tellurene, etc.) have been explored, mainly distributed in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth main groups. Although two Xenes (aluminene and indiene) have not been synthesized due to the limitations of synthetic methods and the stability of Xenes, other Xenes have been successfully created via elaborate artificial design and synthesis. Elemental 2D materials show potential applications in various fields, including spintronics, electronics, optoelectronics, superconducting, photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and biomedicines.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Soundscape and the Response to Music
The sound environment and music intersect in several ways and the same holds true for the soundscape and our internal response to listening to music. Music may be part of a sound environment or take on some aspects of environmental sound, and therefore some of the soundscape response may be experienced alongside the response to the music. At a deeper level, coping with music, spoken language, and the sound environment may all have influenced our evolution, and the cognitive-emotional structures and responses evoked by all three sources of acoustic information may be, to some extent, the same.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Metal–Support Interaction Effect
Metal–support interaction (MSI) is considered a key effect of electronic and geometric structures of catalysts on tuning catalytic performance. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial process during energy conversion and storage. MSI describes the influence of the interaction of metals and their compounds on carriers on the catalytic reaction process, especially OER mechanism.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells and Tumor Survival
Precision and organization govern the cell cycle, ensuring normal proliferation. However, some cells may undergo abnormal cell divisions (neosis) or variations of mitotic cycles (endopolyploidy). Consequently, the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), critical for tumor survival, resistance, and immortalization, can occur. Newly formed cells end up accessing numerous multicellular and unicellular programs that enable metastasis, drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and self-renewal or diverse clone formation. An integrative literature review was carried out, searching articles in several sites, including: PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, and Google Academic, published in English, indexed in referenced databases and without a publication time filter, but prioritizing articles from the last 3 years, to answer the following questions: (i) “What is the current knowledge about polyploidy in tumors?”; (ii) “What are the applications of computational studies for the understanding of cancer polyploidy?”; and (iii) “How do PGCCs contribute to tumorigenesis?”
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Role of Melatonin in Directing Plant Physiology
Melatonin (MT), a naturally occurring compound, is found in various species worldwide. In 1958, it was first identified in the pineal gland of dairy cows. MT is an “old friend” but a “new compound” for plant biology. It brings experts and research minds from the broad field of plant sciences due to its considerable influence on plant systems. The MT production process in plants and animals is distinct, where it has been expressed explicitly in chloroplasts and mitochondria in plants. Tryptophan acts as the precursor for the formation of phyto-melatonin, along with intermediates including tryptamine, serotonin, N-acetyl serotonin, and 5-methoxy tryptamine. It plays a vital role in growth phases such as the seed germination and seedling growth of crop plants. MT significantly impacts the gas exchange, thereby improving physio-chemical functions in plant systems. During stress, the excessive generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid damage, and enzyme inhibition. Because it directly acts as an antioxidant compound, it awakens the plant antioxidant defense system during stress and reduces the production of ROS, which results in decreasing cellular oxidative damage. MT can enhance plant growth and development in response to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperature, flooding, and heavy metals by regulating the antioxidant mechanism of plants.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Modified Generalized Feistel Network Block Cipher
With the advent of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, millions of low-resource devices are constantly used at the network’s edge. As a result, the large amount of private and sensitive data generated by these devices must be securely transported, stored, and processed, posing a challenge because these resource-constrained IoT devices cannot meet the criteria of conventional encryption ciphers. Feistel networks are further divided into two types: classical Feistel networks and generalized Feistel networks (GFN). While classical Feistel ciphers divide a message into two sub-blocks, GFN divides a message into k sub-blocks for some k > 2 called the partition number.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Oct 2023
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