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Topic Review
Bioactive Properties of Lamiaceae Herbs
Numerous plants, plant extracts, and plant-derived compounds are being explored for their beneficial effects against overweight and liver diseases. Many herbs of the Lamiaceae family are widely employed as food and spices in the Mediterranean area, but also in folk medicine, and their use for the management of metabolic disorders is well documented. 
  • 1.5K
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Site-Specific Antibody Conjugations with Non-Cytotoxic Compounds
As hybrid molecules containing biologics and highly toxic low-molecular weight chemotherapeutic drugs, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) leverage the advantages of both targeting specificity of antibodies and high potency of cytotoxic compounds or synthetic cytotoxins. In addition to the use of synthetic cytotoxic compounds, many different payloads, including non-cytotoxic compounds, proteins/peptides, glycans, lipids, and nucleic acids, have been utilized for site-specific antibody conjugations.The site-specific antibody conjugates containing these payloads can be used in proof-of-concept studies or in developing new therapeutics for unmet medical needs.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Plastisphere Micro-Niche and Biodegradation
The particular characteristics of the plastic matrix, such as its floating ability and hydrophobicity, have created a new unique substratum for microbial colonization. The new micro-niche thus created becomes occupied by a specific biofilm called the plastisphere.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Geopolymer Nanocomposites
Geopolymers belong to the group of the fastest-growing polymeric materials. The interest in these inorganic ceramic materials is constantly growing. This is a result of their properties, including acid resistance, porosity, low drying shrinkage, as well as high strength, due to which geopolymers are widely investigated for potential application in the construction industry (e.g., repairing roads, bridges, or other infrastructure). The range of potential applications of geopolymers can be increased by improving the properties of the components.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 May 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility
The spermatozoon is a highly specialized cell, whose main function is the transport of the intact male genetic material into the oocyte. During its formation and transit throughout male and female reproductive tracts, sperm cells are internally and externally surrounded by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced from both endogenous and exogenous sources. While low amounts of ROS are known to be necessary for crucial physiological sperm processes, such as acrosome reaction and sperm–oocyte interaction, high levels of those species underlie misbalanced antioxidant-oxidant molecules, generating oxidative stress (OS), which is one of the most damaging factors that affect sperm function and lower male fertility potential. 
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Sideroflexins/SLC56 Family
Sideroflexins (SLC56 family) are highly conserved multi-spanning transmembrane proteins inserted in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Plant Circadian Clock of Brassicaceae
The circadian clock serves to coordinate metabolism and physiology with the diurnal cycles derived from the daily rotation of the earth. In Brassicaceae, circadian rhythms contribute to the temporal daily variation in diverse phytochemicals and, hence, to both resistance to biotic stress and edible crop health value. Evidence that levels of specialized metabolites present in Brassica crops can oscillate rhythmically during a day has begun to accumulate. Consistently, circadian clock also seems to play an essential role in the immunity timing coordination by ensuring appropriate chemical defenses in the right tissue and at the right time, controlling their biosynthesis, transport, and storage. In addition, it has been shown that circadian periodicity during the post-harvest period can also improve the longevity of tissue integrity and phytochemical content in diverse Brassica vegetables. Thus, temporal variation in metabolite concentrations can alter the accumulation of diverse phytochemicals and thereby the overall edible crop health value.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
JPEG XT
JPEG XT (ISO/IEC 18477) is an image compression standard which specifies backward-compatible extensions of the base JPEG standard (ISO/IEC 10918-1 and ITU Rec. T.81). JPEG XT extends JPEG with support for higher integer bit depths, high dynamic range imaging and floating-point coding, lossless coding, alpha channel coding, and an extensible file format based on JFIF. It also includes reference software implementation and conformance testing specification. JPEG XT extensions are backward compatible with base JPEG/JFIF file format - existing software is forward compatible and can read the JPEG XT binary stream, though it would only decode the base 8-bit lossy image.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Property of Spices
Antimicrobial resistance increases day by day around the world. To overcome this situation new antimicrobial agents are needed. Spices such as clove, ginger, coriander, garlic, and turmeric have the potential to fight resistant microbes.
  • 1.5K
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Microencapsulation of Probiotics
Probiotics are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as “living microorganisms which, when ingested in certain amounts, provide health benefits to the host”.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Titanium Alloys in Maxillofacial Osteosynthesis
Titanium alloys are known for their biological, mechanical and chemical properties, which have successfully expanded their use in the maxillofacial field. The internal fixation using titanium miniplates and screws offers a new perspective for the treatment of trauma, in orthognathic surgery and maxillofacial oncology. Although, titanium is highly recommended for its excellent biocompatibility, recent research has focused on identifying the potential local and general implications of the interactions between the human tissue and the metallic particles. This present review aims to outline the existing tissue changes, cellular alterations and future perspectives regarding the use of titanium-based alloys as osteosynthesis materials, taking into consideration the existing present debate whether the routinely removal of these materials should be an indication.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Brain Stroke Monitoring
Stroke is a medical disease that affects millions of people worldwide per year, which leads to permanent disabilities or even death. It occurs when the regular flow of rich-oxygen blood through a brain vessel is interrupted due to a clot or a burst of it, triggering the death of brain cells and requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention after its onset to improve the prognosis significantly. The two main types of stroke are hemorrhagic and ischemic ones.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Na+-ATPase in Protozoan Parasites
The ENA ATPases (from exitus natru: the exit of sodium), also known as Na+-ATPases, are responsible for exchanges Na+ for H+; it belongs to the P-type ATPases are structurally very similar to the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). ENA ATPases are essential for salt tolerance and in alkaline conditions, where other transporters cannot mediate an uphill Na+ efflux. P-type ATPases are classified in subclasses like types IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, and recently, was identified the type ATP4-type ATPases, related to Na+-ATPases found in Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. In malaria, some drugs, like spiroindolones, targets PfATP4 and destroy Na+ homeostasis; these drugs are now in clinical trials. The ENA P-type (IID P-type ATPase) and ATP4-type ATPases have no structural homolog in mammalian cells, appearing only in fungi, plants, and protozoan parasites, e.g., Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania sp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Plasmodium falciparum. This exclusivity turns the Na+-ATPase a potential candidate for the biologically-based design of new therapeutic interventions; for this reason, Na+-ATPases deserves more attention.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Nov 2020
Topic Review
HANAC
Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps (HANAC) syndrome is part of a group of conditions called the COL4A1-related disorders. The conditions in this group have a range of signs and symptoms that involve fragile blood vessels. HANAC syndrome is characterized by angiopathy, which is a disorder of the blood vessels. In people with HANAC syndrome, angiopathy affects several parts of the body. The blood vessels as well as thin sheet-like structures called basement membranes that separate and support cells are weakened and more susceptible to breakage.
  • 1.5K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Information Enabled Care
Information enabled care are the evidenced-based actions and behaviours required by healthcare providers when encountering and using health and social care technologies. Over the last twenty years, the implementation of digital healthcare technologies and  the way people access  care and interact with healthcare systems has changed significantly. Digital innovations are transforming the delivery of health and social care for all stakeholders. Technological hardware such as robotics and wearables, and software such as mobile applications, electronic medical and health records; with new healthcare models including remote monitoring, patient portals, telecare, health and medicine visits are now commonplace within healthcare environments and communities. Having evidence-based quality and safety standards and guidelines, with embedded user outcomes as information enable care provision is essential. However, these frameworks need to be flexible enough not to stifle innovation, and robust enough to ensure that technology is not used for the sake of itself. Healthcare conversations must begin with ‘what matters to you’ rather than ‘wow, look at this new gadget that we want you to use’. Health and social care must be framed by rigorous data analysis and critical appraisal. Building upon Carey Mather's previous encyclopaedia topic, Digital Professionalism, this entry continues the theme of defining and contextualising the National Nursing and Midwifery Digital Health Capability Framework, specifically the domain of Information Enabled Care.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Mar 2021
Topic Review
ENDS, HTP and Lung
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are sold by the tobacco industry as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes with misleading marketing sustained by studies with conflict of interest. Research on these products found that damage produced by using these devices is involved in pathways related to pulmonary diseases, with  mechanisms previously reported in conventional cigarettes and new mechanisms particular to these devices, which challenges that the tobacco industry’s claims.
  • 1.5K
  • 12 May 2021
Topic Review
Soapy Plants
Plants that exhibit foaming properties when agitated in aqueous solutions are commonly referred to as soapy plants, and they are used in different communities for washing, bathing, and hair shampooing. The frothing ability of these plants is attributed to saponins which are also well-documented to possess antimicrobial attributes.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
Hashtag Recommendation
Hashtag recommendation suggests hashtags to users while they write microblogs in social media platforms. Although researchers have investigated various methods and factors that affect the performance of hashtag recommendations in Twitter and Sina Weibo, a systematic review of these methods is lacking.
  • 1.5K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Reactive Ni–Al-Based Materials
Energetic materials are substances or mixtures in which, under the action of external forces, self-sustaining chemical reactions occur with the release of a large amount of energy. A promising group of energetic materials are reactive structural materials (RSMs), consisting of two or more solids, usually nonexplosive metallic or nonmetallic powders, in which an exothermic reaction can occur after high-velocity impact and penetration into a target. As a rule, thermite, intermetallic, metal-fluoropolymer systems and metastable intermixed composites are used as RSMs.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Genetics
Polygenic diseases, which are genetic disorders caused by the combined action of multiple genes, pose unique and significant challenges for the diagnosis and management of affected patients. A major goal of cardiovascular medicine has been to understand how genetic variation leads to the clinical heterogeneity seen in polygenic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent advances and emerging technologies in artificial intelligence (AI), coupled with the ever-increasing availability of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, now provide researchers with unprecedented possibilities for dynamic and complex biological genomic analyses. Combining these technologies may lead to a deeper understanding of heterogeneous polygenic CVDs, better prognostic guidance, and, ultimately, greater personalized medicine. Advances will likely be achieved through increasingly frequent and robust genomic characterization of patients, as well the integration of genomic data with other clinical data, such as cardiac imaging, coronary angiography, and clinical biomarkers. 
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Mar 2022
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