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Topic Review
Zeiss Inner Rail
Zeiss Inner Rail, often simply called Zeiss rail, is a ringless telescopic sight mounting system introduced by Zeiss in 1990 as an alternative to traditional ring mounts. A patent was granted in 1992, and the patent expired in 2008. The mounting system is now also offered on sights sold by other major manufacturers, such as Blaser, Leica, Minox, Meopta, Nikon, Noblex (formerly Docter), Schmidt & Bender and Steiner. It has therefore, in some sense, become the industry standard for scope mounting rails. The system has so far seen most use on the European high end market.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Machine Learning in Tribology
Tribology has been and continuous to be one of the most relevant fields in today’s society, being present in almost aspects of our lives. The importance of friction, lubrication and wear is also reflected by the significant share of today’s world energy consumption. The understanding of tribology can pave the way for novel solutions for future technical challenges.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Fatigue Life Prediction of BGA Solder Joints
Ball grid array (BGA) packaging is a new type of surface mount multi-terminal packaging technology. BGA packaging is widely used in the field of microelectronic manufacturing industries due to its multiple I/O volumes and excellent electric characteristics. However, due to environmental loads such as vibration and impact during its production and application, defects inevitably emerge in BGA solder joint defects, which will lead to the failure of electronic products. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Roles of Cryogenic Cooling in Turning
Cryogenic machining is a recently developed technique used in various machining processes, including turning, milling, and drilling. Specifically, cryogenic turning is applied to three main groups of workpiece materials: superalloys, ferrous metals, and viscoelastic polymers/elastomers.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Materials of Woven Textiles
Fabrics have been recognized as a necessary component of daily life due to their involvement in garments, home textiles, and industrial textiles. The mechanical performance of textiles was considered essential to meet the end-user requirements for strength and durability.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Electrolyte Filling and Wetting in Lithium-Ion Battery Production
Electrolyte filling and wetting is a quality-critical and cost-intensive process step of battery cell production. Due to the importance of this process, a steadily increasing number of publications is emerging for its different influences and factors. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Quality Assurance in Resistance Spot Welding
Resistance spot welding is a process with high variability regarding the quality of the produced joints. This means that key performance indicators (KPIs) such as geometrical and mechanical features as well as failure modes can deviate from the initial design even if the same process parameters are used. The industry has developed quality assurance programs and quality control methods for tracking these KPIs.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Transforming Aerospace: The Advantages of Automation
The aerospace industry is one of the most complex and demanding sectors, requiring precision, reliability, and efficiency. Automation has emerged as a game-changer, transforming how aerospace components are manufactured, assembled, and maintained. This article explores the advantages of automation in the aerospace industry and how it is revolutionizing the sector.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Metallic Coatings
Metallic additive manufacturing is expeditiously gaining attention in advanced industries for manufacturing intricate structures for customized applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Smart Textile
The integration of electronic components in/onto conductive textile yarns without compromising textile qualities such as flexibility, conformability, heat and moisture transfer, and wash resistance is essential to ensuring acceptance of electronic textiles. One solution is creating flexible and stretchable conductive yarns that contain tiny surface-mounted electronic elements embedded at the fiber level.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Polishing is a process of creating a smooth and scratchless surface by using mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical approaches for reducing surface roughness and enhancing the workpiece’s strength. Roughness directly determines the surface functional performance, and it is usually handled in the final process of machining, namely polishing.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Biomimicry-Based Materials
Biomimicry as a tool in architecture and building construction offers the opportunity to inspire active envelopes and integrate natural concepts and principles aiming for sustainable and climate responses. 
  • 1.1K
  • 08 May 2023
Topic Review
Business Process Re-Engineering to Digitalise Quality Control Checks
Business process re-engineering allows optimising processes within businesses. One way to do so is to use lean thinking to maximise customer value whilst minimising waste. Just-in-time is one of the core elements of lean production and is the material flow design upon which the lean production model is founded. For such a production model to succeed and achieve high efficiency and productivity levels, it needs to have a robust quality management system to accomplish the notion of ‘right first time’ and have quality controls at the source to prevent defects from entering the production system altogether. Defects occur when products are produced outside of agreed tolerances of the approved specification. Defects are a significant contributor to product waste and waste of resources, including raw materials, energy, water, and human resources. A reduction in waste generation helps to boost business performance by lowering environmental, economic and social impacts, i.e., the three pillars of sustainability. Optimised process monitoring helps identify defects in advance or as they happen in real time. A key function of the quality control (QC) process is to provide evidence that customer requirements (tolerances) of the product are met; therefore, measuring and controlling the values of the different variables that regulate the manufacturing processes is critical. However, collecting these values and handling the data manually tends to be slow, tedious, and prone to human error, as data can be misread, misplaced, or misrecorded easily. Furthermore, human judgement may not be consistent due to various factors including fatigue, mental or physical stress, as well as variability in heuristic and cognitive capabilities. Data capturing and analysing technology can be used instead to acquire such data and use it to control processes within acceptable parameters, ensuring optimum product flow and quality. Furthermore, as computing devices get smaller and cheaper, it is increasingly possible to tailor them to meet more needs on the factory floor, enabling machines to gather data, measure key performance indicators, and track operational efficiency. Data archiving is also necessary so that results can be reviewed later for auditing purposes. As cloud storage becomes safer, more affordable and with connection speeds that provide quick access, companies are increasingly moving away from paper records. This change introduces the challenge of reviewing and re-writing internal procedures to capture these new ways of data collection and reporting. It is important to know and prove who does what, when, how, and why for the purposes of traceability, accuracy, and consistency.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Technologies for Localisation in Autonomous Railway Maintenance Systems
Smart maintenance is essential to achieving a safe and reliable railway, but traditional maintenance deployment is costly and heavily human-involved. Ineffective job execution or failure in preventive maintenance can lead to railway service disruption and unsafe operations. The deployment of robotic and autonomous systems was proposed to conduct these maintenance tasks with higher accuracy and reliability. In order for these systems to be capable of detecting rail flaws along millions of mileages they must register their location with higher accuracy. A prerequisite of an autonomous vehicle is its possessing a high degree of accuracy in terms of its positional awareness.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Selective Laser Sintering Process
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a well-established technology that is used for additive manufacturing. Significant efforts have been made to improve SLS by optimizing the powder deposition, laser beam parameters, and temperature settings. The purpose is to ensure homogeneous sintering and prevent geometric and appearance inaccuracies in the manufactured objects.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Advancement in UV-Visible-IR Camouflage Textiles & Camouflage Physics
Optical theory of Camouflage engineering has been invented for defence protection. This optical theory can be implemented by defence scientists to explore camouflage products and multidimensional branches of optical technologies. Advancement in ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-IR) camouflage engineering has been designed for defence protection. Camouflage physics has been explained through camouflage textiles and camouflage materials. This technique of camouflage engineering can be explored to defence technology for the design and manufacturing of combat product against multidimensional combat backgrounds such as dry leaves, green leaves, tree bark-woodland combat background; water-marine combat background; sand-desertland combat background; stone-stoneland combat background; snow-snowland combat background; sky combat background; ice-iceland combat background and concrete-concreteland combat background (DGTWSICB). This is a novel addition of camouflage technology for the engineering progress of camouflage product design. Hence, camouflage engineering has been briefly reported by “Anowar Hossain’s invention of camouflage physics at PhD School, first version submitted to Nobel committee for Nobel nomination in 2023 under affiliation of RMIT University”. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29936.23048, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8286832
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nature-Inspired Designs in Wind Energy: A Review
The field of wind energy stands at the forefront of sustainable and renewable energy solutions, playing a pivotal role in mitigating environmental concerns and addressing global energy demands. Biomimetics, drawing inspiration from biological systems, has long intrigued engineers and designers, tracing back to Leonardo da Vinci’s studies of bird flight and even earlier to myths like Daedalus and Icarus. Historical references, including King Solomon’s throne adorned with mechanical creatures and the Talmud’s tales of the Golem, illustrate this enduring fascination.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Materials for Filament Fabrication
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) processes that utilize thermoplastic polymers to produce three-dimensional (3D) geometry products. The FFF filament materials have a significant role in determining the properties of the final part produced, such as mechanical properties, surface quality, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Role of Metaverse in Education
The potential of the metaverse as a tool to connect people has been increasingly recognized. The opportunities offered by the metaverse seem enormous in many sectors and fields of application. The metaverse presents a promising opportunity for educational innovation, particularly in fields that require hands on experience and practical training.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Laser Cladding Alloying and Composite of Steel Materials
Laser cladding technology is a reliable and efficient surface modification technology, which has been widely used in surface alloying and composite processing of steel materials. Laser cladding alloying and compounding can enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2022
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