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Topic Review
Natural Biostimulants From Organic Waste for Sustainable Agriculture
Agriculture has been experiencing a difficult situation because of limiting factors in its production processes. Natural biostimulants (NBs) have emerged as a novel alternative to sustainable agriculture. In this document, a review on the use of solid-state fermentation organic waste for the production of NBs is analysed in detail.
  • 890
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Plant-Bacteria Interactions and Atmospheric Contaminants
One of the major health risks for humans, especially for those living in large cities, is air pollution. Air pollution consists mainly of emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The organic carbon fraction of particulate matter is a mixture of hundreds of organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), some of which are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. Because this particulate matter represents a serious threat for human health, measures to reduce emissions and to eliminate contaminants need to be strongly reinforced, with a focus on novel biotechnologies.
  • 889
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Nano-Priming against Abiotic Stress
Agriculture is directly linked to human life, providing food for survival and health. It is threatened by a number of challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion, and abiotic stresses, including heavy metals (HMs), salinity, drought, etc. Various strategies have been employed to palliate the phytotoxic effects of these stressors from the soil–plant system. Nanotechnological approaches have emerged as a promising tool for increasing crop productivity and promoting sustainable agriculture. 
  • 882
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Detection of Weeds Growing in Turf
Precision spraying can significantly reduce herbicide input for turf weed management. A major challenge for autonomous precision herbicide spraying is to accurately and reliably detect weeds growing in turf. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), an important artificial intelligent tool, demonstrated extraordinary capability to learn complex features from images. The feasibility of using DCNNs, including various image classification or object detection neural networks, has been investigated to detect weeds growing in turf.
  • 874
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Base Editing in Plants
The clustered regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) is a third-generation gene editing technology following ZFNs and TALENs. It has the advantages of being highly efficient, simple, inexpensive, and easily usable. In the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a Cas9-single guide RNA (sgRNA) complex binds to a specific nucleotide sequence with the guidance of the sgRNA and cleaves the target DNA strand, causing a double-strand break (DSB).
  • 872
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Articulating Organic Agriculture and Sustainable Development in Serbia
With the greening of agriculture, there is a need to better link the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and organic agriculture in developing countries. However, in Serbia, there is a huge gap between the potential of their implementation and the actual situation. The restricted development of organic agriculture in Serbia stems from the undeveloped awareness of consumers, slower acceptance of alternative agricultural systems and the volatility of mainstream conventional agricultural production. The integration of organic agriculture into the largest conceptual and strategic frameworks, such as the SDGs, can offer a true transformation of local food systems and could result in positive feedback to the environment and society.
  • 865
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Micronutrients and HLB-Affected Citrus Trees in Florida
Huanglongbing (HLB), which means “yellow shoot disease” in Chinese, is believed to be caused by multiple groups of phloem-limited bacterium that belong to the genus, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). HLB is phloem-limited because the bacteria propagate in the Phloem of the tree, where the translocation of minerals takes place. HLB is spread from tree to tree by an insect vector called Diaphorina citri, Kuwayama (Asian citrus psyllid, ACP). The ACP completes its life cycle, which consists of eggs, nymphs, and the adult stage, on new growth or on shoot tips. Its mode of transmission is by feeding and injecting the bacteria into the phloem of the tree. HLB was first found in China in the 19th century and has spread to most parts of the world, thus threatening the global citrus industry. After the disease was reported in 2005, HLB was detected in parts of the US, such as Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas, and California.
  • 862
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Abscisic Acid-Induced Heat-Tolerance Responses in Wheat and Maize
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a physiological role in regulating the heat tolerance of plants and maintaining crop productivity under high-temperature stress. Appropriate cultivation techniques can regulate endogenous ABA and help farmers improve food production under high-temperature stress. High-temperature stress stimulates ABA, which reduces stomatal opening and promotes root growth. The root system absorbs water to maintain the water status, thus allowing the plant to maintain physiological activities under high-temperature stress. 
  • 857
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Plant Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
Polyphenols, as well as volatile compounds responsible for aromatic features, play a critical role in the quality of vegetables and medicinal, and aromatic plants (MAPs). The research conducted has shown that these plants contain biologically active compounds, mainly polyphenols, that relate to the prevention of inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disorders as well as to antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiparasitic properties. 
  • 846
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Compost Application in Carrot Production
Percent soil organic matter (SOM), pH and crop yield are among the biophysicochemical process-driven soil health indicators (SHIs). However, identifying sustainable soil health conditions using these SHIs is limited due to the lack of Integrated Productivity Efficiency (IPE) models. Expressing WAFG of all beneficial nematodes (x-axis) and SHIs (y-axis) as a percent of untreated control and regression of x and y reveals four quadrants describing worst-to-best-case outcomes for soil health and sustainability. And tested the effects of composted cow manure (AC) and plant litter (PC) applied at 135 (1×), 203 (1.5×), and 270 (2×) kg N/ha on WAFG, SOM, pH, and yield in a sandy clay loam field of a processing carrot cultivar over three growing seasons. Untreated control and urea at 1× served as experimental controls. Data that varied by time and were difficult to make sense of were separated into sustainable, unsustainable, or requiring specific modification to be sustainable categories by the IPE model. Within the sustainable category, all AC treatments and 2× rate of PC treatments had the best integrated efficiency outcomes across the SHIs. The IPE model provides a platform where other biophysicochemical process-driven SHIs could be integrated. 
  • 841
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Global Navigation Satellite Systems in Precision Agriculture
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in precision agriculture (PA) represent a cornerstone for field mapping, machinery guidance, and variable rate technology.
  • 841
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Precision Agriculture Technology
Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as their applications, must be integrated into the agricultural sector to ensure long-term agricultural productivity. These technologies have the potential to improve global food security by reducing crop output gaps, decreasing food waste, and minimizing resource use inefficiencies. 
  • 823
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Kaolin-Based Particle Films and Coffee Production
Climate change, such as increases in atmospheric air temperature, threatens Brazilian coffee production, which is mainly carried out on small rural properties in a family farming model. Increases in air temperature causes heat stress to the plants, resulting in physiological damage. The concept of environmentally sustainable coffee production is latent among coffee growers, who adopt practical actions to respect and preserve the environment during the production process. Increases in productivity are related to the adoption of technological innovations such as the use of PKPF in the management of plantations, being a viable alternative to increasing the plantation areas, and thus reducing native vegetation. 
  • 818
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
DD Screens for Insect Capture
The double-charged dipolar electric field screen (DD screen) has a strong attractive force that captures insects entering its electric field. The DD screen is useful for capturing small insects that pass through a conventional insect net, and unique derivatives of this screen have been invented to trap various insect pests on-site in a greenhouse.
  • 817
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Interaction between Cocoa and Witches’ Broom Disease
Invaluable methods and resources have been explored to understand the molecular biology of M. perniciosa and fungi-host interactions, it is still important to determine how the biotrophic phase is maintained in M. perniciosa, and at the molecular level, to ascertain how their hosts contribute to the end of this phase of WBD. Comprehending the transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase is crucial for control of the disease, as well as for the development of resistant hosts.
  • 807
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Rosa L. Plants Viruses Control
Viral diseases affecting the essential oil rose, which is a valuable object of agricultural production, may have a significant negative impact on the economic value of this crop. The diversity of viruses affecting Rosa L. plants manifests itself in their conditional division into those that are specific to this crop, and those that are hosted by other plants. The viruses infecting Rosa L. plants along with other crops are described in the literature in detail, as the range of hosts they affect is rather wide and well-studied. It is also possible to single out the three most significant viruses affecting this host—Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Apple mosaic virus and Arabis mosaic virus which individually, or collectively, cause viral diseases that manifest themselves in mosaic symptoms. The rose plant vulnerability to various diseases is due to its vegetative propagation (grafting, bud-grafting, cutting grafting, clonal micropropagation), whereby the infection is transmitted from a mother plant to a vegetative progeny.
  • 805
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Production of Hybrid Rice
Rice, being an important cereal, fills the food needs of more than half of the world's population, despite its production and profitability nutrient management techniques. The government of Nepal has recommended blanket fertilizer application, which results in lower nutrient use efficiency (NUE) particularly under rainfed conditions. With the aim of finding most appropriate nutrient management practices concerning rice production and profitability, A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 and 2018 at Kavre and Dang district of Nepal.
  • 805
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Soil Fertility Clock—Paradigm in Nitrogen Fertilizer Productivity Control
The Soil Fertility Clock (SFC) concept is based on the assumption that the critical content (range) of essential nutrients in the soil is adapted to the requirements of the most sensitive plant in the cropping sequence (CS). This provides a key way to effectively control the productivity of fertilizer nitrogen (Nf). The production goals of a farm are set for the maximum crop yield, which is defined by the environmental conditions of the production process. This target can be achieved, provided that the efficiency of Nf approaches 1.0. Nitrogen (in fact, nitrate) is the determining yield-forming factor, but only when it is balanced with the supply of other nutrients (nitrogen-supporting nutrients; N-SNs). The condition for achieving this level of Nf efficiency is the effectiveness of other production factors, including N-SNs, which should be set at ≤1.0. A key source of N-SNs for a plant is the soil zone occupied by the roots. N-SNs should be applied in order to restore their content in the topsoil to the level required by the most sensitive crop in a given CS. Other plants in the CS provide the timeframe for active controlling the distance of the N-SNs from their critical range.
  • 801
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Agricultural Systems for Fruit Orchards
Awareness towards the loss of soil quality as well as consumer perception about the environmental impact of agricultural activity have stimulated research and government activity toward the implementation of a sustainable agricultural system. The European Commission, in the next funding program, established specific objectives to promote the conversion towards a more environmentally sustainable agricultural system through its Green Deal Strategy. The demand for ecologically and sustainably cultivated fruits increases every year; however, suppressing such demand is necessary to improve the production performance of orchards. The sustainable management of orchard production requires combined knowledge from different fields. The key challenge is to design orchard systems that can integrate sustainable practices, nutrient cycle knowledge and promotion of soil biodiversity.
  • 799
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Melatonin in Plant Biocontrol
Melatonin is a multifunctional and ubiquitous molecule. In animals, melatonin is a hormone that is involved in a wide range of physiological activities and is also an excellent antioxidant. In plants, it has been considered a master regulator of multiple physiological processes as well as of hormonal homeostasis.
  • 794
  • 24 May 2023
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