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Topic Review
GnRH Analogues in Fertility Preservation
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogues could be used in conjunction with other fertility preservation options to synergistically maximize their effects. GnRH analogues may be a valuable prophylactic agent against chemotherapeutic infertility by inhibiting rapid cellular turnover on growing follicles that contain types of cells unintentionally targeted during anti-cancer treatments. These could create a prepubertal-like effect in adult women, limiting the gonadotoxicity to the lower levels that young girls have. 
  • 941
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Influence of Maternal Microbiome in Preterm Birth
Preterm birth (PTB) is a global health issue and one of the most challenging problems affecting 12.9 million births worldwide. PTB is a multi-etiological disease and remains incompletely understood. 
  • 940
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition that is influenced by hormones and involves stroma and glands being found outside the uterus; there are increases in proliferation, invasion, internal bleeding, and fibrosis. 
  • 939
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Caesarean Section and Wound Complication
Caesarean sections in obese patients are associated with an increased risk of surgical wound complications, including hematomas, seromas, abscesses, dehiscence, and surgical site infections. The aim of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of the current literature focusing on the strategies available to decrease wound complications in this population. 
  • 930
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Emerging Tumor Markers in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by silent progression and late-stage diagnosis. It is critical to detect and accurately diagnose the disease early to improve survival rates. Tumor markers have emerged as valuable tools in the diagnosis and management of OC, offering non-invasive and cost-effective options for screening, monitoring, and prognosis.
  • 927
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Medical Therapies for Adenomyosis
Uterine Adenomyosis is a benign condition characterized by the presence of endometrium-like epithelial and stromal tissue in the myometrium. Several medical treatments have been proposed, but still, no guidelines directing the management of adenomyosis are available. While a hysterectomy is typically regarded as the definitive treatment for adenomyosis, the scarcity of high-quality data leaves patients desiring fertility with limited conservative options.
  • 920
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Parvovirus B19 Infection and Pregnancy
Parvovirus B19, a member of the Parvoviridae family, is a human pathogenic virus. It can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, hand-to-mouth contact, blood transfusion, or transplacental transmission. Most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms such as erythema infectiosum, especially in children. In rare cases, moderate-to-severe symptoms may occur, affecting blood cells and other systems, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Non-immune pregnant women are at risk for fetal infection by parvovirus B19, with greater complications if transmission occurs in the first or second trimester. Infected fetuses may not show any abnormalities in most cases, but in more severe cases, there may be severe fetal anemia, hydrops, and even pregnancy loss. 
  • 913
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Application of Umbilical Cord Stem Cells in Ovary
Stem cell (SC) therapies have been investigated as alternative treatment strategies. Human umbilical cord (hUC) mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC), along with their secreted paracrine factors, extracts, and biomolecules, have emerged as promising therapeutic alternatives in regenerative medicine, due to their remarkable potential to promote anti-inflammatory and regenerative processes more efficiently than other autologous treatments. Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system, defined by the World Health Organization as the failure to achieve a pregnancy, after at least 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Female infertility can be caused by various disorders of the reproductive system, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, Asherman’s syndrome (AS), or endometrial atrophy (EA), among others.
  • 911
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microbiome and Endometriosis
Endometriosis affects approximately 6 to 10% of reproductive-age women globally. Despite much effort invested, the pathogenesis that promotes the development, as well as the progression of this chronic inflammatory disease, is poorly understood. The imbalance in the microbiome or dysbiosis has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, especially the gut microbiome. In the case of endometriosis, emerging evidence suggests that there may be urogenital-gastrointestinal crosstalk that leads to the development of endometriosis. Along with these findings, several studies have reported the potential of probiotics in managing endometriosis, however subsequent investigations on microbial dynamics post administration of probiotics as well as route of administration and formulation of probiotics would be needed to strengthen the rationale of using such microbiome-based intervention in the management of endometriosis.  
  • 908
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nutrition in Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors in women. They pose significant public health concerns due to their prevalence and impact on women's quality of life. It's important to investigates various dietary components and their potential roles in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of uterine fibroids.
  • 908
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a morphological abnormality resembling partial hydatidiform moles without abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. In PMD, approximately 20% of fetuses have Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and approximately 20% of BWS fetuses are associated with PMD. In addition, PMD is a cardinal feature of BWS, and paternal uniparental diploidy/biparental diploidy mosaicism (also called androgenetic/biparental mosaicism) has been found in both BWS and PMD. 
  • 906
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Plant-Based Diet and Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a challenging pregnancy complication in which women present a state of glucose intolerance. GDM has been associated with various obstetric complications, such as polyhydramnios, preterm delivery, and increased cesarean delivery rate. Moreover, the fetus could suffer from congenital malformation, macrosomia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and intrauterine death. It has been speculated that inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) impact on endothelium dysfunction and insulin resistance and contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Nutritional patterns enriched with plant-derived foods, such as a low glycemic or Mediterranean diet, might favorably impact on the incidence of GDM. A high intake of vegetables, fibers, and fruits seems to decrease inflammation by enhancing antioxidant compounds. 
  • 904
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Precision-Based Medicine for the management of Preterm Birth
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of childhood disability, and it has become a key public health priority recognized by the World Health Organization and the United Nations. Studies have summarised the use of precision based medicine in the management of spontaneous PTB. In particular, the advent of novel approaches for the use of biomarkers in prediction, diagnostics, and the emerging use of artificial intelligence and computational modelling in this important field of research.
  • 888
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Markers of Embryo Quality
Evaluation of the optimal number of embryos, their quality, and the precise timing for transfer are critical determinants in reproductive success, although still remaining one of the main challenges in assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Indeed, the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments relies on a multitude of events and factors involving both the endometrium and the embryo. Despite concerted efforts on both fronts, the overall success rates of IVF techniques continue to range between 25% and 30%. The role of the endometrium in implantation has been recognized, leading to the hypothesis that both the “soil” and the “seed” play a central role in a successful pregnancy. In this respect, identification of the molecular signature of endometrial receptivity together with the selection of the best embryo for transfer become crucial in ART.
  • 885
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
COVID-19 in Pregnancy
Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Modifications in the circulatory, pulmonary, hormonal, and immunological pathways induced by pregnancy render pregnant women as a high-risk group. A growing body of research shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is connected to a number of maternal complications, including pneumonia and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. Miscarriages, stillbirth, preterm labor, as well as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are also among the most often documented fetal implications, particularly among expecting women who have significant COVID-19 symptoms, often affecting the timing and route of delivery.
  • 884
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Female Oncofertility
Female oncofertility is recently implemented conception in the female fertility treatment. It includes the therapeutic approaches to preserve the fertility competence in cancer patients.
  • 881
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Melatonin in Physiological/Biological Ovarian Aging
Melatonin, a highly functionally diverse, low-molecular-weight antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent has been sparingly studied relative to its ability to reduce patho-physiological processes common to the peripheral female reproductive system. Currently it is known that melatonin reduction is associated with multiple processes underlying changes in the ovary, especially late in the cessation of the reproductive life span. In this sense, it is essential deepen the knowledge about the physiological and molecular actions of melatonin in the maintenance of normal ovaries and in the aging ovaries, and integrate the acquired information for considering melatonin in the treatment of age-related infertility. Additional research is needed to fully understand the effects of melatonin supplementation on potentially enhancing fertility, however, studies published to date suggest it may be a promising option for those struggling with infertility.
  • 879
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Perinatal Pathologies Associated with Sodium Intake and OS
Excessive sodium intake has been well established as a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Its adverse effects are achieved by renal sodium retention and related volume expansion and by inducing low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the target tissues.
  • 877
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
MicroRNA Let-7d
microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Let-7d is a microRNA of the conserved let-7 family that is dysregulated in female malignancies including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer. Moreover, a dysregulation is observed in endometriosis and pregnancy-associated diseases such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
  • 875
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Antioxidants and Female Reproductive Function
Treatment with antioxidants is increasingly used to slow down aging processes in different organs of the human body, including those implicated in female fertility. There is a plethora of different natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic medicines available on the market; most of them can be purchased without medical prescription. Even though the use of antioxidants, even under conditions of auto-medication, was shown to improve many functions related to female infertility related to oxidative stress, the lack of medical control and supervision can lead to an overmedication resulting in an opposite extreme, reductive stress, which can be counterproductive with regard to reproductive function and produce various adverse health effects in general.
  • 865
  • 29 Mar 2022
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