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Topic Review
Application of Umbilical Cord Stem Cells in Ovary
Stem cell (SC) therapies have been investigated as alternative treatment strategies. Human umbilical cord (hUC) mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC), along with their secreted paracrine factors, extracts, and biomolecules, have emerged as promising therapeutic alternatives in regenerative medicine, due to their remarkable potential to promote anti-inflammatory and regenerative processes more efficiently than other autologous treatments. Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system, defined by the World Health Organization as the failure to achieve a pregnancy, after at least 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Female infertility can be caused by various disorders of the reproductive system, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, Asherman’s syndrome (AS), or endometrial atrophy (EA), among others.
  • 889
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Medical Therapies for Adenomyosis
Uterine Adenomyosis is a benign condition characterized by the presence of endometrium-like epithelial and stromal tissue in the myometrium. Several medical treatments have been proposed, but still, no guidelines directing the management of adenomyosis are available. While a hysterectomy is typically regarded as the definitive treatment for adenomyosis, the scarcity of high-quality data leaves patients desiring fertility with limited conservative options.
  • 889
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Microbiome and Endometriosis
Endometriosis affects approximately 6 to 10% of reproductive-age women globally. Despite much effort invested, the pathogenesis that promotes the development, as well as the progression of this chronic inflammatory disease, is poorly understood. The imbalance in the microbiome or dysbiosis has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, especially the gut microbiome. In the case of endometriosis, emerging evidence suggests that there may be urogenital-gastrointestinal crosstalk that leads to the development of endometriosis. Along with these findings, several studies have reported the potential of probiotics in managing endometriosis, however subsequent investigations on microbial dynamics post administration of probiotics as well as route of administration and formulation of probiotics would be needed to strengthen the rationale of using such microbiome-based intervention in the management of endometriosis.  
  • 888
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Emerging Tumor Markers in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by silent progression and late-stage diagnosis. It is critical to detect and accurately diagnose the disease early to improve survival rates. Tumor markers have emerged as valuable tools in the diagnosis and management of OC, offering non-invasive and cost-effective options for screening, monitoring, and prognosis.
  • 883
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition that is influenced by hormones and involves stroma and glands being found outside the uterus; there are increases in proliferation, invasion, internal bleeding, and fibrosis. 
  • 882
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
GnRH Analogues in Fertility Preservation
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogues could be used in conjunction with other fertility preservation options to synergistically maximize their effects. GnRH analogues may be a valuable prophylactic agent against chemotherapeutic infertility by inhibiting rapid cellular turnover on growing follicles that contain types of cells unintentionally targeted during anti-cancer treatments. These could create a prepubertal-like effect in adult women, limiting the gonadotoxicity to the lower levels that young girls have. 
  • 880
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Plant-Based Diet and Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a challenging pregnancy complication in which women present a state of glucose intolerance. GDM has been associated with various obstetric complications, such as polyhydramnios, preterm delivery, and increased cesarean delivery rate. Moreover, the fetus could suffer from congenital malformation, macrosomia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and intrauterine death. It has been speculated that inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) impact on endothelium dysfunction and insulin resistance and contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Nutritional patterns enriched with plant-derived foods, such as a low glycemic or Mediterranean diet, might favorably impact on the incidence of GDM. A high intake of vegetables, fibers, and fruits seems to decrease inflammation by enhancing antioxidant compounds. 
  • 878
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Markers of Embryo Quality
Evaluation of the optimal number of embryos, their quality, and the precise timing for transfer are critical determinants in reproductive success, although still remaining one of the main challenges in assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Indeed, the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments relies on a multitude of events and factors involving both the endometrium and the embryo. Despite concerted efforts on both fronts, the overall success rates of IVF techniques continue to range between 25% and 30%. The role of the endometrium in implantation has been recognized, leading to the hypothesis that both the “soil” and the “seed” play a central role in a successful pregnancy. In this respect, identification of the molecular signature of endometrial receptivity together with the selection of the best embryo for transfer become crucial in ART.
  • 875
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Caesarean Section and Wound Complication
Caesarean sections in obese patients are associated with an increased risk of surgical wound complications, including hematomas, seromas, abscesses, dehiscence, and surgical site infections. The aim of the present study is to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of the current literature focusing on the strategies available to decrease wound complications in this population. 
  • 868
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a morphological abnormality resembling partial hydatidiform moles without abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. In PMD, approximately 20% of fetuses have Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and approximately 20% of BWS fetuses are associated with PMD. In addition, PMD is a cardinal feature of BWS, and paternal uniparental diploidy/biparental diploidy mosaicism (also called androgenetic/biparental mosaicism) has been found in both BWS and PMD. 
  • 868
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibody positivity. Cases fulfilling the Sydney criteria for obstetric morbidity with no previous thrombosis are known as obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS). OAPS is the most identified cause of recurrent pregnancy loss and late-pregnancy morbidity related to placental injury. 
  • 865
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Parvovirus B19 Infection and Pregnancy
Parvovirus B19, a member of the Parvoviridae family, is a human pathogenic virus. It can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, hand-to-mouth contact, blood transfusion, or transplacental transmission. Most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms such as erythema infectiosum, especially in children. In rare cases, moderate-to-severe symptoms may occur, affecting blood cells and other systems, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Non-immune pregnant women are at risk for fetal infection by parvovirus B19, with greater complications if transmission occurs in the first or second trimester. Infected fetuses may not show any abnormalities in most cases, but in more severe cases, there may be severe fetal anemia, hydrops, and even pregnancy loss. 
  • 859
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Nutrition in Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors in women. They pose significant public health concerns due to their prevalence and impact on women's quality of life. It's important to investigates various dietary components and their potential roles in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of uterine fibroids.
  • 855
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Antioxidants and Female Reproductive Function
Treatment with antioxidants is increasingly used to slow down aging processes in different organs of the human body, including those implicated in female fertility. There is a plethora of different natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic medicines available on the market; most of them can be purchased without medical prescription. Even though the use of antioxidants, even under conditions of auto-medication, was shown to improve many functions related to female infertility related to oxidative stress, the lack of medical control and supervision can lead to an overmedication resulting in an opposite extreme, reductive stress, which can be counterproductive with regard to reproductive function and produce various adverse health effects in general.
  • 853
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Maternal and Fetal Intima-Media Thickness Assessment in Perinatology
Intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement is a non-invasive method of arterial wall assessment. An increased IMT is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis associated with endothelial dysfunction. In the course of pregnancy, various maternal organs, including the endothelium, are prepared for their new role. However, several pre-gestational conditions involving endothelial dysfunction, such as diabetes, chronic hypertension, and obesity, may impair the adaptation to pregnancy, whereas vascular changes may also affect fetal development, thus, influencing the fetal IMT. In fact, data indicate that following the delivery, the endothelial dysfunction persists and influences the future health of the mother and the newborn. 
  • 853
  • 16 Jun 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 in Pregnancy
Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Modifications in the circulatory, pulmonary, hormonal, and immunological pathways induced by pregnancy render pregnant women as a high-risk group. A growing body of research shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is connected to a number of maternal complications, including pneumonia and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. Miscarriages, stillbirth, preterm labor, as well as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are also among the most often documented fetal implications, particularly among expecting women who have significant COVID-19 symptoms, often affecting the timing and route of delivery.
  • 852
  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
Alexander O. Shpakov
Alexander O. Shpakov is a Professor of Biochemistry at the I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry (IEPB), Russian Academy of Sciences, in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. He was born in 1963 at Leningrad in Russia. He received his Master of Science degree in Bioorganic Chemistry in 1987 from the Leningrad State University, Russia, and his PhD degree in Biochemistry in 1996
  • 851
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Perinatal Pathologies Associated with Sodium Intake and OS
Excessive sodium intake has been well established as a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Its adverse effects are achieved by renal sodium retention and related volume expansion and by inducing low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in the target tissues.
  • 849
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Precision-Based Medicine for the management of Preterm Birth
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of childhood disability, and it has become a key public health priority recognized by the World Health Organization and the United Nations. Studies have summarised the use of precision based medicine in the management of spontaneous PTB. In particular, the advent of novel approaches for the use of biomarkers in prediction, diagnostics, and the emerging use of artificial intelligence and computational modelling in this important field of research.
  • 846
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
MicroRNAs Dysregulation for Early Diagnosis of Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a benign chronic disease in women that is characterized by the presence of active foci of the endometrium or endometrial tissue occurring outside of the uterus. The disease causes disabling symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility, which negatively affect a patient’s quality of life. In addition, endometriosis imposes an immense financial burden on the healthcare system. Laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing the disease because other non-invasive diagnostic tests have less accuracy. In addition, other diagnostic tests have low accuracy. Numerous researchers have suggested miRNAs as potential biomarkers for endometriosis diagnosis due to their specificity and stability.
  • 836
  • 18 Oct 2022
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