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Topic Review
Application Scenarios of Using Knowledge Graph
In dynamic complex cyber environments, Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) and the risk of cyberattacks are both increasing. This means that organizations need to have a strong understanding of both their internal CTI and their external CTI. The potential for cybersecurity knowledge graphs is evident in their ability to aggregate and represent knowledge about cyber threats, as well as their ability to manage and reason with that knowledge. While most existing research has focused on how to create a full knowledge graph, how to utilize the knowledge graph to tackle real-world industrial difficulties in cyberattack and defense situations is still unclear. 
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Voting-Based Leader-Election Scheme in Lead-Follow UAV Swarm
The recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enormously improve their utility and expand their application scope. The UAV and swarm implementation further prevail in Smart City practices with the aid of edge computing and urban Internet of Things. The lead–follow formation in UAV swarm is an important organization means and has been adopted in diverse exercises, for its efficiency and ease of control. The reliability of centralization makes the entire swarm system in risk of collapse and instability, if a fatal fault incident happens in the leader. Researchers propose a voting-based leader election scheme inspired by the Raft method in distributed computation consensus to build a mechanism helping the distributed swarm recover from possible failures.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Amazing Bulk
The Amazing Bulk is a 2012 American direct-to-video superhero film directed by Lewis Schoenbrun. Considered to be a mockbuster of the Marvel Studios film The Incredible Hulk, as well as other media featuring the Hulk character, the film's settings and visuals are almost entirely all reused stock imagery, graphics, and video purchased from various websites.
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Phycoerythrin from Blue-Green Algae
Phycoerythrin (PE) is a colored, water-soluble pigment–protein complex from the phycobiliprotein (PBP) family and is predominantly found in rhodophytes, cryptophytes, and cyanobacteria. It is a 240 kDa oligomeric chromoprotein with an intense pink/red color. This PBP is a light-harvesting accessory pigment that absorbs wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot. In terms of energy transfer, PE is the first PBP to absorb light and emits energy to phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (APC), consecutively. PE is characterized by its original spectrum properties, such as fluorescence emission. On the other hand, previous PBP research was focused on PC, and the scientific community realized that PE is endowed with antioxidant potential due to its ability to scavenge free radicals. This allows them to prevent or delay the onset of potentially fatal diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, and hepatotoxicity. The potent antioxidant activity promotes human health and boosts the immune response against infections. These bioactive compounds also resist photooxidative damage, which would otherwise have an adverse impact on crucial cellular machineries, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA. In comparison to PC and APC, the unique fluorescent properties of PE have made it a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. 
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Hungarian Agriculture and Livestock Sector
Livestock farming in developed countries faces adverse environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Moreover, economic and social issues have emerged, such as farm concentration and the aging of farmers. Consequently, the decline of small farms and household animal husbandry substantially impacted rural communities, posing challenges for rural development.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Abstractive vs. Extractive Summarization
Due to the huge and continuously growing size of the textual corpora existing on the Internet, important information may go unnoticed or become lost. At the same time, the task of summarizing these resources by human experts is tedious and time consuming. This necessitates the automation of the task. Natural language processing (NLP) is a multidisciplinary research field, merging aspects and approaches from computer science, artificial intelligence and linguistics; it deals with the development of processes that semantically and efficiently analyze vast amounts of textual data. Text summarization (TS) is a fundamental NLP subtask, which has been defined as the process of the automatic creation of a concise and fluent summary that captures the main ideas and topics of one or multiple documents.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Crucial Technologies of Digital Thread Implementation
The digital thread is identified as an integrated information flow using recognized authoritative data sources (e.g., requirements, system architecture, technical data packages (TDP), 3D CAD models) connecting all stages of the product lifecycle. The objective of the digital thread is to establish an integrated framework that consolidates all stages of the product lifecycle and systems, facilitating efficient and effective lifecycle measurements and supporting a data-driven approach.
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Waste Treatment and Disposal in the European Union
Disposal via landfill has historically been the dominant method of municipal waste treatment and disposal in the European Union (EU). The EU’s Waste Framework Directive of 1975 (Council Directive 75/442/EEC) introduced the waste hierarchy into European waste policy for the first time, emphasising the importance of waste minimisation. Implementation of the waste hierarchy was optional to member states; but there was an expectation that it would be included within national waste management legislation. The waste hierarchy is a guiding principle that gives top priority to preventing waste; when waste is created, it gives priority to direct re-use, recycling, recovery methods, such as energy recovery, and last of all disposal (Council Directive 2008/98/EC).
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Physiological Functions of Rice SUT and SWEET transporters
Sugar transporters play important or even indispensable roles in sugar translocation among adjacent cells in the plant. They are mainly composed of sucrose–proton symporter SUT family members and SWEET family members. SUT works as sucrose positive transporter locates at the donor cell side; SWEET usually works at the acceptor cell side as efflux transporter. 
  • 1.5K
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Tea Resists Carcinogenesis
Tea remains one of the most prevalent beverages consumed due in part to its physiological properties. The active compounds in tea, including tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, L-theanine, tea pigments, caffeine and other minor composition, can directly or indirectly reduce oncogenesis and cancerometastasis. Interestingly, the different types of tea (such as unfermented green tea, partially fermented oolong tea, and fully fermented black tea or pu-erh tea) have the different anti-cancer property.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
HEV infectivity in water samples
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, belonging to the Hepeviridae family, resistant to environmental conditions, and transmitted by the consumption of contaminated water. This virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks, leading to thousands of infections per year in several countries, and is thus considered an emerging disease in Europe and Asia. This study refers to a survey in Portugal during 2019, targeting the detection and eventual quantification of enteric viruses in surface and drinking water sources. Samples positive for HEV RNA were recurrently found by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), in both matrices. The infectivity of these samples was evaluated in cultured Vero E6 cells and RNA from putative viruses produced in cell cultures was subjected to RT-qPCR targeting HEV genomic RNA. Our results evidenced the existence of samples positive either for HEV RNA (77.8% in surface water and 66.7% in drinking water) or for infectious HEV (23.0% in surface water and 27.7% in drinking water). These results highlight the need of effective virological control of water for human consumption and activities.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Brain–Gut–Microbiome Axis
Beginning with the concept of the brain–gut axis, the importance of the interaction between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract has been extended to the microbiome with increasing clinical applications. With the recent development of various techniques for microbiome analysis, the number of relevant preclinical and clinical studies on animals and human subjects has rapidly increased. Various psychotic symptoms a ect the intestinal microbiome through the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal gland axis. Conversely, the intestinal microbiome regulates the gastrointestinal tract environment and affects psychological factors by means of the microorganisms or their metabolites, either acting directly on the brain or through the synthesis of various neurotransmitters.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and PAH
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and COVID-19 vaccines focus on its spike protein. However, in addition to facilitating the membrane fusion and viral entry, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes cell growth signaling in human lung vascular cells, and patients who have died of COVID-19 have thickened pulmonary vascular walls, linking the spike protein to a fatal disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). 
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Aerosols Deposition and Marine Biota
Atmospheric aerosol deposition (wet and dry) is an important source of macro and micronutrients (N, P, C, Si, and Fe) to the oceans. Most of the mass flux of air particles is made of fine mineral particles emitted from arid or semi-arid areas (e.g., deserts) and transported over long distances until deposition to the oceans. However, this atmospheric deposition is affected by anthropogenic activities, which heavily impacts the content and composition of aerosol constituents, contributing to the presence of potentially toxic elements (e.g., Cu). Under this scenario, the deposition of natural and anthropogenic aerosols will impact the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and toxic elements in the ocean, also affecting (positively or negatively) primary productivity and, ultimately, the marine biota. 
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the world is still expanding. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand this novel virus and find a way to control its spread. Like other coronaviruses, the nucleocapsid (N) protein is one of the most crucial structural components of SARS-CoV-2. This protein shares 90% homology with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus N protein, implying functional significance. Based on the evolutionary conservation of the N protein in coronavirus, we reviewed the currently available knowledge regarding the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in terms of structure, biological functions, and clinical application as a drug target or vaccine candidate.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Japan
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an inherited disorder caused by the absence or severely impaired activity of steroidogenic enzymes involved in cortisol biosynthesis. More than 90% of cases result from 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). To prevent life-threatening adrenal crisis and to help perform appropriate sex assignments for affected female patients, newborn screening (NBS) programs for the classical form of CAH have been introduced in numerous countries.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
The Roles of Mitochondrial to Chronic Kidney Disease
Mitochondria are heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles, playing critical roles in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, metabolic modulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell differentiation and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a contributor in many diseases. The kidney is an organ enriched in mitochondria and with high energy demand in the human body. Recent studies have been focusing on how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of different forms of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI has been linked to an increased risk of developing CKD. AKI and CKD have a broad clinical syndrome and a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality, encompassing various etiologies and representing important challenges for global public health. Renal mitochondrial disorders are a common feature of diverse forms of AKI and CKD, which result from defects in mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and biogenesis as well as crosstalk of mitochondria with other organelles. Persistent dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in AKI and CKD affects diverse cellular pathways, leading to an increase in renal microvascular loss, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and eventually renal failure. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that govern mitochondria functions and pathophysiology in AKI and CKD, which should facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the molecular insights of the mitochondria and the specific pathogenic mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of AKI, CKD, and AKI to CKD transition. We also discuss the possible beneficial effects of mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated AKI and CKD, which may translate into therapeutic options to ameliorate renal injury and delay the progression of these kidney diseases.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Lime Mortar
Lime is an ancient construction material that has been utilized throughout the world in various forms, providing stable construction methods in usable conditions. Lime mortar is well known for its low carbon footprint in production and carbon absorption throughout its lifespan as a hardened material. The significant benefits of lime mortar were analyzed and reviewed for further research. Ancient lime constructions need proper maintenance for aesthetic and structural strengthening to preserve this cultural architecture of national pride. Hence, the characterization of ancient mortars is mandatory for renovation work. 
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Research Trends on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a phenomenon that occurs following novel or unaccustomed exercise, particularly if the exercise includes a high number of eccentric contractions. The damage process is normally accompanied by a temporary decrease in muscle function (both muscle force and range of motion), increased swelling of the involved muscle group, increased circulation of muscle-specific proteins, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Most of the symptoms and signs of EIMD are present immediately after the initial exercise bout and persist for up to 14 days. 
  • 1.5K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Diaspora
Diaspora is a free personal web server that implements a distributed social networking service. Installations of the software form nodes (termed "pods") which make up the distributed Diaspora social network. The project was founded by Dan Grippi, Maxwell Salzberg, Raphael Sofaer and Ilya Zhitomirskiy, students at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. The group received crowdfunding in excess of $200,000 via Kickstarter. A consumer alpha version was released on 23 November 2010. Konrad Lawson, blogging for the Chronicle of Higher Education, suggested Diaspora in July 2011 as an alternative to corporately produced software.
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Nov 2022
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