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Topic Review
Megamolecular Polysaccharide Sacran
Natural polymer is a frequently used polymer in various food applications and pharmaceutical formulations due to its benefits and its biocompatibility compared to synthetic polymers. One of the natural polymer groups (i.e., polysaccharide) does not only function as an additive in pharmaceutical preparations, but also as an active ingredient with pharmacological effects.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Chemical Rings
The epoxidized group, also known as the oxirane group, can be considered as one of the most crucial rings in chemistry. Due to the high ring strain and the polarization of the C–O bond in this three-membered ring, several reactions can be carried out. One can see such a functional group as a crucial intermediate in fuels, polymers, materials, fine chemistry, etc. 
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Encapsulation of Lipid-Soluble Bioactives
Lipid-soluble bioactives, such as vitamins A, E, D and K, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential oils, are important nutrients in foods. However, their addition in food formulations, is often limited by limited solubility and high tendency for oxidation. Among the different encapsulation technologies, nanoemulsions are one of the most promising for protecting lipid-soluble bioactives.
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Biochar-Based Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Biochar is an important, interesting, low-cost material with various agricultural, industrial, and scientific applications. Biochar is a name given to vegetable-derived charcoal, which can be used as an agent to improve soil and water quality. This carbon-rich substance can be produced by the carbonization of biomass residues (e.g., wood, dung, manure, or leaves) in thermal conversion processes, such as pyrolysis, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Among them, pyrolysis is the most common process to obtain biochar under anaerobic conditions and high temperatures. In addition, heat, syngas, liquid fuels, and pyroligneous acid (wood vinegar) are also generated during this process.
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fiber-Shaped Electronic Devices
Electronic fiber is a building block of electronic textiles (e-textiles) for developing wearable electronics. In practical applications, fiber-shaped devices have attracted great attention as a potential alternative to conventional planar-type electronic devices. Because of their structural features, which enable them to be sewn into various fabrics, electronic fibers are an ideal device platform for realizing the three-dimensional (3D) deformability, light weight, breathability, washability, and comfort required for e-textiles.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Natural and Semi-Synthetic Compounds for Wound Healing
Skin wounds are injuries that compromise or damage the structural integrity and optimal functioning of the skin and can be grouped into acute and chronic depending on the skin repair and recovery time frame. Specific interest is given to Aloevera, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, polyhexanide, retinoids, ascorbate, tocochromanols, and chitosan. These compounds (when alone or in formulation with other biologically active molecules) could be a dependable alternative in the management or prevention of chronic wounds.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Biolubricants Based on Vegetable Oils
Biolubricants are a kind of lubricant obtained from plants (mainly vegetable oils such as cardoon, corn, palm, safflower, or rapeseed oils), which makes them biodegradable and environmentally friendly (especially important if they are spilled in the environment).  They mainly act as anti-friction media between contact surfaces.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Three Species of Lycium Genus
The genus Lycium belongs to the Solanaceae family and comprises more than 90 species distributed on diverse continents. Lycium barbarum is by far the most studied and considered to possess healthy properties. The biological properties of L. barbarum fruits are mainly attributed to polysaccharides, particularly complex glycoproteins with different compositions. In contrast, L. europaeum, L. intricatum, and L. schweinfurthii found particularly in the Mediterranean region, are poorly studied, although used by native populations. The evaluation of the chemical composition and biological, nutritional, or pharmacological properties of these species must be unveiled. Such studies will not only enrich knowledge but may also lead to the use of some of these species in food to replace L. barbarum or other plant species. Since L. europaeum, L. intricatum, L. infaustum and L. schweinfurthii generally occur in impoverished areas, the culture and transformation of these species products could contribute to the sustained enrichment of the populations living in those zones.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Gellan
Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 May 2021
Topic Review
Luminescent Micelles for Sensing Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives
Luminescent micelles are extensively studied molecular scaffolds used in applied supramolecular chemistry.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Food Science's Chemical Element Compositions
In recent years, many analyses have been carried out to investigate the chemical components of food data. However, studies rarely consider the compositional pitfalls of such analyses. This is problematic as it may lead to arbitrary results when non-compositional statistical analysis is applied to compositional datasets. In this study, compositional data analysis (CoDa), which is widely used in other research fields, is compared with classical statistical analysis to demonstrate how the results vary depending on the approach and to show the best possible statistical analysis. For example, honey and saffron are highly susceptible to adulteration and imitation, so the determination of their chemical elements requires the best possible statistical analysis. Our study demonstrated how principle component analysis (PCA) and classification results are influenced by the pre-processing steps conducted on the raw data, and the replacement strategies for missing values and non-detects. Furthermore, it demonstrated the differences in results when compositional and non-compositional methods were applied. Our results suggested that the outcome of the log-ratio analysis provided better separation between the pure and adulterated data and allowed for easier interpretability of the results and a higher accuracy of classification. Similarly, it showed that classification with artificial neural networks (ANNs) works poorly if the CoDa pre-processing steps are left out. From these results, we advise the application of CoDa methods for analyses of the chemical elements of food and for the characterization and authentication of food products.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Self-Heating Mould for Composite Manufacturing
The shipbuilding industry, engine manufacturing, aviation, rocket and space technology are promising fields of application for polymeric composite materials. Shape-generating moulding tools with internal heating are used for the creation of a more economically viable method of moulding of internally heated composite structures. The use of a fine-fibered resistive structure in the heated tools allows implementation of effective heating of the composite and elimination of the need for expensive and energy-intensive heating equipment.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Development Aspects for Practical Non-aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries
Redox-flow cells can be divided into four basic types: all-liquid redox-flow batteries (ALRFBs), semi-solid redox-flow batteries (SSRFBs), hybrid redox-flow batteries (HRFBs), and single-flow batteries (SFB). These four basic types can be further classified by their cell separation techniques and membrane setups. They range from having no separation membrane to having up to three separation membranes in parallel.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Supercritical Fluid Extraction as a Green Extraction
Extraction is a technique of isolating components from natural materials using chemical or physical methods. The world has turned to using green extraction as part of its efforts to preserve the environment. Green extraction is based on procedures that require less energy, allow for the use of alternative solvents and sustainable natural resources, and offer a safe and high-quality extract. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) procedures are compatible with the principles of green extraction.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogels Combined with Silver Nanoparticles against Antimicrobial Resistance
The development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms has increased dramatically as a natural consequence of the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that this is one of the top ten global public health threats facing humanity today, demanding urgent multisectoral action. In this sense, metallic nanoparticles (such as silver nanoparticles) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their outstanding antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. The efficient delivery of the nanoparticles (NPs) is also a matter of concern, and studies have demonstrated that hydrogels present an excellent ability to perform this task.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nanocomposites: Brief Overview
Nanocomposites are composite materials consisting of nanoscale building blocks and a matrix. Nanocomposites are materials composed of a polymer matrix reinforced with nanoparticles, typically with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. These nanoparticles can be made of various materials, such as metals, ceramics, and carbon-based materials, and they can be dispersed uniformly throughout the polymer matrix They have unique properties that make them useful in a wide range of applications, including water remediation, energy storage and conversion, packaging, sensors, biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and coatings. The properties of nanocomposites can be tailored by controlling the size, shape, and composition of the nanoscale building blocks and the matrix material. Some of the key properties of nanocomposites include high surface area-to-volume ratio, improved mechanical properties, enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity, improved barrier properties, and biocompatibility. The study of nanocomposites is a rapidly growing field with many exciting opportunities for new and improved applications.These articles provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of nanocomposites, including their use in water remediation.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Insight on Mercapto-Coumarins
Mercapto (or sulfanyl)-coumarins are heterocycles of great interest in the development of valuable active structures in material and biological domains. They represent a highly exploitable class of compounds that open many possibilities for further chemical transformations.
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Current Challenges and Perspectives for Biomass Catalytic Pyrolysis
Lignocellulosic biomass is an excellent alternative of fossil source owing to the fact that it is low-cost, plentiful and environmentally friendly. Through pyrolysis, lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into the potential precusor of liquid fuel or platform chemicals. Therefore, the detailed knowledge and mechanism about biomass conversion should be overviewed and concluded. We have reviewed several factors which impact the conversion of biomass, including the properties of biomass, operational parameters of catalytic pyrolysis and different types of pyrolysis equipment. Meantime, some perspectives for future development have been proposed in the end.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biodiesel as Renewable Biofuel in Current Diesel Engines
Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by electric and/or hydrogen engines. However, apart from the strategic and logistical difficulties associated with this change, the application of electric or hydrogen engines in heavy transport, e.g., trucks, shipping, and aircrafts, also presents technological difficulties in the short-medium term. In addition, the replacement of the current car fleet will take decades. This is why the use of biofuels is presented as the only viable alternative to diminishing CO2 emissions in the very near future. Nowadays, it is assumed that vegetable oils will be the main raw material for replacing fossil fuels in diesel engines.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Fabrication of SiC Membranes
The scale of research for developing and applying silicon carbide (SiC) membranes for gas separation has rapidly expanded over the last few decades. The precursor-derived ceramic approaches for preparing SiC membranes include chemical vapor deposition (CVD)/chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) deposition and pyrolysis of polymeric precursor. Generally, SiC membranes formed using the CVD/CVI deposition route have dense structures, making such membranes suitable for small-molecule gas separation. On the contrary, pyrolysis of a polymeric precursor is the most common and promising route for preparing SiC membranes, which includes the steps of precursor selection, coating/shaping, curing for cross-linking, and pyrolysis. Among these steps, the precursor, curing method, and pyrolysis temperature significantly impact the final microstructures and separation performance of membranes.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Feb 2023
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