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Topic Review
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles
Biogenic silver nanoparticles are environmentally safer compared to particles obtained by chemical or physical methods due to the absence of toxic compounds in the technological process, gentle synthesis conditions and the possibility of utilizing the biomass used in their production. Biogenic silver nanoparticles are capable of self-assembly, including that on various surfaces, and there are mechanisms for controlling their morphology and size. Approaches and methods for obtaining biogenic silver nanoparticles using various parts of plants, algae, fungi and microorganisms have been described.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Myeloid Malignancies
Myeloid malignancies present with a distinct metabolomic signature. Targeting metabolic pathways has become a potent therapeutic strategy for this group of disorders. The biological basis of this approach resides in the metabolic regulation of normal hematopoiesis and their alterations. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Bioactive Compounds from Cardoon and Metabolic Disorders
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a Mediterranean plant and member of the Asteraceae family that includes three botanical taxa, the wild perennial cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori), globe artichoke (C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori), and domesticated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.). Cardoon has been widely used in the Mediterranean diet and folk medicine since ancient times. Today, cardoon is recognized as a plant with great industrial potential and is considered as a functional food, with important nutritional value, being an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, minerals, inulin, fiber, and sesquiterpene lactones. 
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Graphene Quantum Dots–Nanocellulose Composite
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional carbon-based materials, while nanocellulose is a nanomaterial that can be derived from naturally occurring cellulose polymers or renewable biomass resources. The unique geometrical, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties of both these remarkable nanomaterials have caught the attention of the scientific community in terms of fundamental research to advanced technology. Studies have shown that the hybridisation of these novel materials not only improves existing applications but provides additional advantages as well as further improves desirable features, all of which are unattainable if GQDs and nanocellulose are used individually. Therefore, this advantageous composite material warrants remarkable applications. Potential applications for GQDs-nanocellulose composites include sensing or for analytical purposes, injectable 3D printing materials, supercapacitors, and light-emitting diodes. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Biosensing Applications of PC-12 Cell Line
The immortalized PC-12 cell line demonstrated to be a classical neuronal cell model derived from rat pheochromocytoma with the ability to acquire the sympathetic neurons features in a differentiation process in the presence of nerve growth factor. PC-12 cell line was shown to be the preferred model in neurobiology study using biosensing devices. The analytical achievements and applicability of reported biosensing devices in PC-12 cultures for the detection of ions, neurotransmitters, and cellular events are summarized.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Direct Type Electrochemical Glycated Hemoglobin Sensors
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for measuring glucose levels in the diagnosis of diabetes due to the excellent stability and reliability of this biomarker. HbA1c is a stable glycated protein formed by the reaction of glucose with hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells, which reflects average glucose levels over a period of two to three months without suffering from the disturbance of the outside environment. A number of simple, high-efficiency, and sensitive electrochemical sensors have been developed for the detection of HbA1c. Direct type sensors determine HbA1c by detecting the changes in electrical signals including current, potential, and impedance before and after HbA1c is bound to biological affinity molecules pre-fixed on the electrode surface. Direct sensors are divided into amperometric sensors, potentiometric sensors, and impedimetric sensors.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Arabinogalactan (AG) and Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
The properties of mixtures of two polysaccharides, arabinogalactan (AG) and hyaluronic acid (HA), were investigated in solution by the measurement of diffusion coefficients D of water protons by DOSY (Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY), by the determination of viscosity and by the investigation of the affinity of a small molecule molecular probe versus AG/HA mixtures in the presence of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) by 1HNMR spectroscopy.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
PAMAM-calix-dendrimers
A convenient method for the synthesis of the first generation PAMAM dendrimers based on the thiacalix[4]arene has been developed for the first time. Three new PAMAM-calix-dendrimers with the macrocyclic core in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate conformations were obtained with high yields.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Renewable Source
Lignocellulosic biomass is the primary structural component of plant matter and is mostly inedible, generally referring to organic materials such as wood, grass, and agricultural crop residues. Biomass is a plentiful and carbon-neutral renewable energy source that may be used to create platform chemicals and fuels, especially considering that up to 75% of initial energy can be converted into biofuels.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Red Alga Dixoniella grisea
There is an increasing interest in algae-based raw materials for medical, cosmetic or nutraceutical applications. Additionally, the high diversity of physicochemical properties of the different algal metabolites proposes these substances from microalgae as possible additives in the chemical industry. Among the wide range of natural products from red microalgae, research has mainly focused on extracellular polymers for additive use, while this study also considers the cellular components. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Brewing By-Products
Beer is one of the most widely consumed and popular beverages in the world, and is in first place when it comes to the most-consumed alcoholic beverages. The malting and brewing industries are characterized by the generation of large amounts of residues, which account for 85% of their total by-products. In general, these by-products are used as fertilizers, drained into the sewage as waste, or get incinerated. In line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the food industry is becoming more aware of environmental changes and the negative environmental impacts of their processes and outputs. Sustainable initiatives and enthusiasm for the circular economy have led the brewing industry to reduce its environmental impact through the valorization of its by-products, either by their reduction or their re-incorporation into production processes. These materials are still nutritious, so they can be successfully utilized in various sectors (pharmaceutical, food, biotechnological, etc.).
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Hop Phenolic Compounds on Dry Hopping Beer Quality
The study considers the phenolic hop compounds’ effect on the quality indicators of finished beer. The topic under consideration is relevant since it touches on the beer matrix colloidal stability when compounds with potential destabilizing activity are introduced into it from the outside.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Thymoquinone in Chemotherapy
Thymoquinone (2-Isopropl-5-methyl benzo-1,4-quinone) is an active component of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa (black seeds). Other than the Ranunculaceae family (N. sativa), this compound has been detected in other families such as Lamiaceae (Modernadidyma, M. menthifolia, etc.), Asteraceae (Eupatorium cannabinum), and Cupressaceae (Juniperus communis).
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient’s quality of life.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization
Radiation-induced graft copolymerization (RIGC) is a powerful technique enabling permanent tunable and desired surface modifications imparting antimicrobial properties to polymer substrates to prevent disease transmission and provide safer biomaterials and healthcare products.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Self-Assembled Nanocomposites and Nanostructures
Self-assembled nanocomposites and nanostructures are a class of molecules that spontaneously assemble directly through specific interactions or indirectly through their environment without any human intervention. The benefits of self-assembled nanocomposites or nanostructures have been reported several times for their prominent applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Carbonic Anhydrase in Cerebral Ischemia
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The only pharmacological treatment available to date for cerebral ischemia is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and the search for successful therapeutic strategies still remains a major challenge. The loss of cerebral blood flow leads to reduced oxygen supply and a subsequent switch to the glycolytic pathway, which leads to tissue acidification. Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is the enzyme responsible for converting carbon dioxide into a protons and bicarbonate, thus contributing to pH regulation and metabolism, with many CA isoforms present in the brain. Recently, numerous studies have shed light on several classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) as possible new pharmacological agents for the management of brain ischemia. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
Smart Drug Delivery
Drug delivery systems based on deformable peptides have been widely studied in tumor targeted therapy, for example, proton-driven tumor vaccine composed of deformable peptides for tumor immunotherapy, and an intracellular delivery system of chimeric peptides based on transmembrane peptides for acute liver injury in mice. With the help of software, researchers can take tiny strands of DNA and fold them into complex structures, complete with components such as rotors and hinges that can move and perform tasks, such as drug delivery and cargo handling. A nano-robot based on DNA origami technology can precisely locate tumor tissue and effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Nanomaterial Probes for Nuclear Imaging
Nuclear imaging is a powerful non-invasive imaging technique that is rapidly developing in medical theranostics. Nuclear imaging requires radiolabeling isotopes for non-invasive imaging through the radioactive decay emission of the radionuclide. Nuclear imaging probes, commonly known as radiotracers, are radioisotope-labeled small molecules. Nanomaterials have shown potential as nuclear imaging probes for theranostic applications. By modifying the surface of nanomaterials, multifunctional radio-labeled nanomaterials can be obtained for in vivo biodistribution and targeting in initial animal imaging studies. Various surface modification strategies have been developed, and targeting moieties have been attached to the nanomaterials to render biocompatibility and enable specific targeting. Through integration of complementary imaging probes to a single nanoparticulate, multimodal molecular imaging can be performed as images with high sensitivity, resolution, and specificity. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Low-energy electron Damage to DNA
The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0-30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as single strand breaks (SSBs), crosslinks (CLs), base modifications, double strand breaks (DSBs) and other clustered lesions.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jul 2021
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