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Topic Review
Self-Healing of Polymeric Materials
The self-healing of damages that occur during the operation of the corresponding structures makes it possible to extend the service life of the latter, and in this case, the problem of saving non-renewable resources is simultaneously solved. Two strategies are considered: (a) creating reversible crosslinks in the thermoplastic and (b) introducing a healing agent into cracks. Bond exchange reactions in network polymers (a) proceed as a dissociative process, in which crosslinks are split into their constituent reactive fragments with subsequent regeneration, or as an associative process, the limiting stage of which is the interaction of the reactive end group and the crosslink.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Types of Carbon Fibers Used in Geopolymer Matrix
Carbon fibers (CFs) can be applied in different forms of occurrence in the geopolymer matrix. The most popular seem to be short CFs because they are easy to use for different applications. Most manufacturing methods do not require significant changes to implement the short fibers, despite the application of long fibers or textiles. However, several research works involved short fibers; a significant part of them concerns work made with the addition of long fiber fabrics as composite elements, carbon fiber felt, or similar forms, as well as the addition of other forms of carbon, i.e., graphene, graphite, or waste CF used in the manufacture of aviation products. The last three additives were introduced most frequently into geopolymers in the form of particles. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Seashell-Based Biocomposite by Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium
Mycelium biocomposites are eco-friendly, cheap, easy to produce, and have competitive mechanical properties. However, their integration in the built environment as durable and long-lasting materials is not solved yet. Similarly, biocomposites from recycled food waste such as seashells have been gaining increasing interest recently, thanks to their sustainable impact and richness in calcium carbonate and chitin. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
[M(Salen)] Complexes, Their Polymers, and Composites Based Thereon
The polymers of square–planar complexes of 3d metal (M) atoms with tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligands, the so-called salen complexes ([M(Salen)]), are characterized by high redox conductivity, electrochromic behavior, and selective catalytic activity in heterogeneous reactions (including electrocatalysis). An important advantage of these polymers is also their high thermal stability (up to 350 °C) compared with monomer complexes due to their conductive polymer matrix. It is also expected that the synthesis of nanocomposites based on poly-[M(Salen)] and various forms of carbon (mesoporous and activated carbon), including nanostructured ones (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoglobular carbon), will lead to the development of materials with improved energetic, catalytic, and other characteristics. This quality improvement is achieved due to the uniform distribution of the polymer on the surface of the carbon component of the composite material, which has a high specific surface area, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties (strength, elasticity).
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Use of Phase Change Materials in Geopolymers
Phase change materials (PCM) were known already in the 1970s (similarly to geopolymers), but their development is observed today. This is related to the possibility of obtaining a stable phase as well as the possibility of optimization of construction materials concerning the construction needs. These materials can change their physical state depending on the ambient temperature. The most common method is liquid-solid conversion. In the area of application of phase change materials in the construction industry, examples of such materials include organic materials (paraffin, fatty acids), inorganic materials, and eutectics. 
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Plastic Waste Upcycling Approaches
Plastic waste pollution, including non-biodegradable landfills, leaching of toxic chemicals into soil and waterways, and emission of toxic gases into the atmosphere, is significantly affecting our environment. Conventional plastic waste recycling approaches generally produce lower-value materials compared to the original plastic or recover inefficient heat energy. Lately, upcycling or the valorization approach has emerged as a sustainable solution to transform plastic waste into value-added products.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Waste Natural Polymers
 Waste natural polymers have received much attention as renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic and low-cost filler in polymer composites. In order to exploit the high potential for residual natural loading in latex composites, different types of surface modification techniques have been applied. This review discusses the preparation and characterization of the modified waste natural fillers for latex-based composites. The potency of the waste natural filler for the latex-based composites was explored with a focus on the mechanical, thermal, biodegradability and filler–latex interaction.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Applications of the PowderMEMS Microstructures
PowderMEMS is a powder-based microfabrication technology for substrate-level integration of three-dimensional functional microstructures into MEMS devices. The wide choice of materials and customizable properties opens a multitude of applications for the PowderMEMS technology. Next to the shape and volume of the 3D structure itself, additional application-specific physical and chemical characteristics can be controlled by choice of the particles and the ALD layer
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Graphene Synthesis and Its Recent Advances in Applications
Remarkable chemical and physical properties, graphene has been widely investigated by researchers over the last 15 years. This review summarizes major synthetic methods such as mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, unzipping of carbon nanotube, oxidation-reduction, arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, and epitaxial growth of graphene in silicon carbide. Recent advances in the application of graphene in graphene-based lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors, transparent electrodes, and environmental-based remedies are discussed.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
SLM of Al-Based Matrix Composites
Aluminum matrix composites (AMC) are of great interest and importance as high-performance materials with enhanced mechanical properties. Al2O3 is a commonly used reinforcement in AMCs fabricated by means of various technological methods, including casting and sintering. Selective laser melting is a suitable modern method of the fabrication of net-shape fully dense parts from AMC with alumina.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
MXenes and Their Composites in Sodium-Ion Batteries
The typical two-dimensional layered structure materials, MXenes, are widely used in energy conversion and storage due to their high conductivity, ion transport ability, and rich surface structures. MXenes and their composites have been widely employed in secondary batteries, especially sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), with obvious performance improvement. 
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Polymer and Steel Slag Aggregates
Steel slag, a by-product of the steel industry, is generated in the form of an aggregate, and has a particle size similar to that of natural aggregates. The chitosan-based polymer (CBP) was synthesized via an amide coupling reaction among chitosan, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid.
  • 990
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Advances in Magnetostrictive Tb-Dy-Fe Alloys
Tb-Dy-Fe alloys are widely used in transducers, actuators and sensors due to the effective conversion between magnetic energy and mechanical energy (or acoustic energy). 
  • 990
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
PowderMEMS
PowderMEMS is a powder-based microfabrication technology for substrate-level integration of three-dimensional functional microstructures into MEMS devices. The PowderMEMS process solidifies micron-sized particles via atomic layer deposition (ALD) in pre-processed cavities on planar substrates from a wide variety of materials. Low process temperatures and the absence of organic components enable back-end-of-line compatibility. The process offers numerous degrees of freedom for the design of functional MEMSs, such as a wide choice of different material properties and the precise definition of 3D volumes at the substrate level, with a defined degree of porosity. Examples of application are the integration of rare-earth magnets and porous microfluidic structures into MEMS on wafer-level.
  • 976
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Metal Corrosion Compounds Induced by Heritage Glass
Many heritage objects consist of glass in contact with metals. By ion exchange with absorbed water, alkaline aqueous films are formed on the glass surface. They contain sodium and/or potassium, hydroxide, and carbonate (uptake of carbon dioxide) ions. These electrolytes induce corrosion while in contact with metal and cause unusual corrosion products.
  • 970
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Resin-Dentine Interfaces in Polymeric Dental Adhesives
Restorative and adhesive dentistry has witnessed extraordinary improvements after the innovations in contemporary adhesive materials. These new adhesive systems do not require any mechanical retention through features such as dovetails, grooves, sharp internal angles, and undercuts. For the success of modern restorative dentistry, these adhesive systems play a critical role, as sound tooth structure would be preserved using these newer systems. In addition, by using these contemporary and advanced adhesive systems, secondary caries due to microleakage may be reduced or eliminated.
  • 962
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
NF Mercerization/Alkali Surface Treatment
The benefits of using natural fibres (NFs) such as Coir, flax, hemp, and bast fibres as a reinforcement in polymer composites than synthetic fibres, are low cost, lower density, more recyclable and have greater “biodegradability”. Alkali treatment is used to breaking down the bundles of fibres into individual fibres. This process results in an increased aspect ratio of the smaller fibre particles and makes the fibre surface rough, which helps in increasing the interfacial bonding between fibre and the matrix material. Alkali treatment is an effective surface treatment method, helpful in removing some amount of lignin, impurities, which covers the fibre surface, depolymerize the cellulose structures. The main problem in the development of the NF composite is their less adhesion ability with the matrix. Mercerization is one of the best ways to improve fibre-matrix adhesion. Because of the hydrophilic nature of the fibre, Chemical treatment is found to be one of the great solutions that make the fibre surface rough and removes fatty deposits from the fibre called “xyloses”. Alkali treatment results in the rough fibre surface and enhances the fibre surface area, leading to the excellent interlocking with the matrix.
  • 961
  • 15 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Materials Possible for Lunar and Martian Habitats
Space missions will require the capability to build structures on site using local resources. Before 2040, NASA and the European Space Agency want to ensure the possibility of a permanent human residence in shelters on the Moon or Mars. Herein, innovative and energy efficient solutions for manufacturing lunar and Martian shelters based on geopolymer composites are shown.
  • 958
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
NFPCs under Different Strain Rates
With the lightning speed of technological evolution, the demand for high performance yet sustainable natural fibres reinforced polymer composites (NFPCs) are rising. Especially a mechanically competent NFPCs under various loading conditions are growing day by day. NFPCs mechanical properties highly depend on strain rate due to their viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviour. Pure viscoelastic behaviour usually occurs within a small amount of strain. While the viscoplastic inelastic strain only accumulates when it reaches a certain amount depending on the material. NFPCs under a different type of strain rates could also exhibit diverse mechanical properties and failure mechanism.
  • 944
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Titanium Base Substrates
Titanium base alloys are state-of-the-art implant materials in various surgery applications, including dentistry, bone and craniofacial reconstruction/fixation, and temporary anchorage devices (TAD), etc. Titanium is a lightweight and bioinert metal that possesses a high specific strength (strength to density ratio) and an elastic modulus close to that of human bone. Titanium additionally features excellent corrosion resistance and relatively high X-ray translucency, thus facilitating post-treatment diagnosis. 
  • 944
  • 29 Jul 2021
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