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Topic Review
Market Premium for Green Buildings
In real estate markets, there is growing relevance of Green Buildings, especially in cities where the greater part of residential buildings is built before the first regulations on energy performance. Through policies oriented towards sustainable practices, a twofold goal can be achieved: energy consumption mitigation respecting the historical value for existing buildings, direct economic impacts on real estate values.
  • 1.7K
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Overcrowding in Emergency Department
Overcrowding in Emergency Departments (EDs) is a phenomenon that is now widespread globally and causes a significant negative impact that goes on to affect the entire hospital.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Microinjection Moulding of Polymeric Micro Devices
Microinjection moulding has been widely used to mass-produce miniature polymeric devices and/or surface micro/nano structures, such as microneedles for drug delivery and microfluidic devices for diagnostics. The base of a microneedle patch is usually a millimetre with a single needle of several hundred micrometres in size, while the tip radius is smaller than 5 µm; such examples also include micro gears, micro-optical connectors, and micro liquid dispensers. These products have an overall weight of the patch of several milligrams or below. The other typical polymeric micro products would be micro/nano scale features on a large substrate, e.g., microfluidic chips. Microfluidic chips usually have tens to hundreds of micron channels for liquid manipulation. Such micro parts and micro/nano scale features are characterised by their very small dimensions and high surface-to-volume ratios.
  • 1.7K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Jspx-bay
jspx-bay, commonly referred to as jspx, is a free open source pure Java web RAD framework. Jspx should not be confused with other technologies using the same name like Oracle Application Framework and XML JSP. Jspx extends Java EE servlets to provide an Object-oriented programming model for HTML declarative code. Jspx can be compared to JSF as a web framework. There are many other Java Web frameworks like Apache Wicket that implement such ideas.
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pacific Open Learning Health Net
Pacific Open Learning Health Net (POLHN /ˈpɒlhən/) is a non-profit established in 2003, focused on distance education for health professionals working in the Pacific. Since 2004, it has provided free online courses for continuing professional development in a wide range of health and science related disciplines. These include self-directed, blended learning, instructor-led and hybrid courses. The platform runs on a free and open-source software learning management system. POLHN works with several universities institutions and Ministries of Health to develop online health related courses guided by WHO publications and accepted standard operating procedure. Since 2013, the platform has resembled a typical massive open online course (MOOC) platform.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Heteronuclear Metal Complexes with Anticancer Activity
Transition metal complexes have been deeply studied for different applications, such as catalysis, antimicrobial, and also antitumoral drugs. Platinum complexes are probably the most well-known and studied in the field of anticancer compounds, also thanks to the omnipresence of cisplatin and its derivatives as a starting point. Two promising new strategies to increase the efficacy of transition metal-based complexes have been described. First, the possibility of assembling two biologically active fragments containing different metal centres into the same molecule were considered, thus obtaining a heterobimetallic complex. Secondly, the conjugation of metal-based complexes to a targeting moiety was discussed.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Bacterial Degradation of Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons occur in fossil fuels such as crude oil and consist mainly of hydrogen and carbon. They are natural chemicals, crude oil refining results in commercial products with new physico-chemical properties, which can increase their complexity and toxicity, and hamper their degradation. The presence of biodiverse natural microbial communities is a prerequisite for an effective homeostatic response to the various hydrocarbons, that contaminate ecosystems.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Application of Prime Editing to Liver Hereditary Diseases
Gene therapy holds tremendous potential in the treatment of inherited diseases. Unlike traditional medicines, which only treat the symptoms, gene therapy has the potential to cure the disease by addressing the root of the problem: genetic mutations. The discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 in 2012 paved the way for the development of those therapies. Improvement of this system led to the recent development of an outstanding technology called prime editing. This system can introduce targeted insertions, deletions, and all 12 possible base-to-base conversions in the human genome. Since the first publication on prime editing in 2019, groups all around the world have worked on this promising technology to develop a treatment for genetic diseases. Liver diseases are currently the most studied field for human gene therapy by prime editing. To date, prime editing has been attempted in preclinical studies for tyrosinemia type 1, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, phenylketonuria, DGAT1-deficiency, bile salt export pump deficiency, liver cancer, and for a liver disease caused by a mutation in the DNMT1 gene.
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
L–Tryptophan Derivatives as Essential Compounds for Serotonin Synthesis
L–Tryptophan (Trp) and its derivatives, such as 5-hydroxy–L–tryptophan (5-OH-L-Trp), and tryptamine, are related to biochemical reactions that lead to serotonin synthesis in the brain’s neurotransmitters, lower levels of which are observed in clinically depressed patients.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Apr 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Modern Methods of Prediction
Humans have always wanted to know what the future holds in store for them. In earlier centuries, people often sought clues to the future from sacred texts. Today, more secular approaches are increasingly used, although the older approaches to the future persist. Modern methods for prediction include trend extrapolation, the Delphi method, mathematical modeling, and scenario analysis, including backcasting. Extrapolation was only possible when reliable past data became available. The Delphi method relies on the judgement of experts in the subject matter. Mathematical modeling has been very successful in the physical sciences, and, in the form of integrated assessment models (IAMs), has been applied to problems such as assessing future energy use. Scenario analysis looks at a number of possible futures and develops internally consistent story lines around each. It is often used in conjunction with IAMs. Each of the four methods, including both their strengths and weaknesses, are discussed in turn. Finally, this entry looks at the future of prediction, and concludes that despite progress in each of the four approaches treated, predicting the future, never easy, is now harder than ever.
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Camelina sativa
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, also called gold-of-pleasure, false flax, or linseed dodder, is an oilseed crop belonging to the tribe Camelineae of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Camelina is a hardy plant that adapts very well to different types of soil and grows best in cool semi-arid climates. The great potential of this crop is also being exploited to obtain a sustainable feedstock for its different applications, and to improve dryland agriculture. Camelina can be used to improve the quality of foods, such as dairy products and meat, and the consumption of its oil has potential benefits for human health.
  • 1.7K
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM®)
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a viscoelastic method, which provides a graphical and numerical representation of induced hemostasis in whole blood samples. Its ability to quickly assess the state of hemostasis is used in the management of bleeding from a variety of causes. 
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Nov 2023
Biography
Jae Kwang Park
Dr. Park is a distinguished professor in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to wastewater treatment technology and environmental sustainability, Dr. Park's work has had a profound impact on both the sciences and the humanities. Dr. Park's most notable contribution is the development of a re
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
RNA Polymerase II
Central to the development and survival of all organisms is the regulation of gene expression, which begins with the process of transcription catalyzed by RNA polymerases. During transcription of protein-coding genes, the general transcription factors (GTFs) work alongside RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to assemble the preinitiation complex at the transcription start site, open the promoter DNA, initiate synthesis of the nascent messenger RNA, transition to productive elongation, and ultimately terminate transcription.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy
The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to further improve chemotherapy through controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, while local radiotherapy dose can be enhanced by targeting the GNPs to the tumor.
  • 1.7K
  • 31 Aug 2020
Topic Review
AR-HCFs for Sensing Applications
Specialty fibers have enabled a wide range of sensing applications. Particularly, with the recent advancement of anti-resonant effects, specialty fibers with hollow structures offer a unique sensing platform to achieve highly accurate and ultra-compact fiber optic sensors with large measurement ranges. Enabled by the specialty fiber manufacturing industry, AR-HCFs have shown great potential in optical fiber communication and sensing. AR-HCFs have very low transmission loss, optical nonlinearity, and chromatic dispersion over a broad bandwidth. They also have intrinsic advantages of high sensitivity, compact structures, and robust operation. All these remarkable advantages promote diversified sensing applications of AR-HCF. As a functionalized device, it has been extensively used for common parameter sensing, including solid, gas, and liquid.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Macrophytes in Constructed wetlands
The vegetation in constructed wetlands (CWs) plays an important role in wastewater treatment. Popularly, the common emergent plants in CWs have been vegetation of natural wetlands. However, there are ornamental flowering plants that have some physiological characteristics similar to the plants of natural wetlands that can stimulate the removal of pollutants in wastewater treatments.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Oxytocin
Oxytocin (OT) influences various physiological functions such as uterine contractions, maternal/social behavior, and analgesia. OT acts as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for κ-opioid but not δ-opioid receptors and enhances κ-opioid receptor activity.
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Herbal Formulations against Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is characterized as one of the common reasons for cancer-associated death in women globally. This gynecological disorder is chiefly named the “silent killer” due to lacking an association between disease manifestations in the early stages and OCa.
  • 1.7K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
α2-Antiplasmin
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown origin that is characterized by immune system abnormalities, vascular damage, and extensive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. α2-antiplasmin is known to be the main plasmin inhibitor and has various functions such as cell differentiation and cytokine production, as well as the regulation of the maintenance of the immune system, endothelial homeostasis, and extracellular matrix metabolism.
  • 1.7K
  • 14 Mar 2022
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