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Topic Review
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body, particularly the immune system. This disease damages immune system cells, leaving them less able to fight off invaders such as viruses and bacteria. As a result, most people with Chediak-Higashi syndrome have repeated and persistent infections starting in infancy or early childhood. These infections tend to be very serious or life-threatening.
  • 847
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TCF4 Gene
Transcription factor 4: The TCF4 gene provides instructions for making a protein that attaches (binds) to specific regions of DNA and helps control the activity of many other genes.
  • 847
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
CEBPA Gene
CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha
  • 847
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
SDHC Gene
succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C
  • 847
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
DYSF Gene
Dysferlin: The DYSF gene provides instructions for making a protein called dysferlin. 
  • 847
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
Progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a condition characterized by weakness of the eye muscles. The condition typically appears in adults between ages 18 and 40 and slowly worsens over time.
  • 847
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Healthy Live Births after Transfer of Mosaic Embryos
The implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) in preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has led to a higher prevalence of mosaic diagnosis within the trophectoderm (TE) sample. Regardless, mosaicism could potentially increase the rate of live-born children with chromosomic syndromes, though available data from the transfer of embryos with putative PGT-A mosaicism are scarce but reassuring. Even with lower implantation and higher miscarriage rates, mosaic embryos can develop into healthy live births. Therefore, this urges an explanation for the disappearance of aneuploid cells throughout development, to provide guidance in the management of mosaicism in clinical practice. Technical overestimation of mosaicism, together with some sort of “self-correction” mechanisms during the early post-implantation stages, emerged as potential explanations. Unlike the animal model, in which the elimination of genetically abnormal cells from the future fetal lineage has been demonstrated, in human embryos this capability remains unverified even though the germ layer displays an aneuploidy-induced cell death lineage preference with higher rates of apoptosis in the inner cell mass (ICM) than in the TE cells.
  • 847
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
LRP5 Gene
LDL receptor related protein 5
  • 846
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
PTEN Gene
phosphatase and tensin homolog
  • 846
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Citrullinemia
Citrullinemia is an inherited disorder that causes ammonia and other toxic substances to accumulate in the blood. Two types of citrullinemia have been described; they have different signs and symptoms and are caused by mutations in different genes.
  • 846
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Donohue Syndrome
Donohue syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance, a condition in which the body's tissues and organs do not respond properly to the hormone insulin. Insulin normally helps regulate blood sugar levels by controlling how much sugar (in the form of glucose) is passed from the bloodstream into cells to be used as energy. Severe insulin resistance leads to problems with regulating blood sugar levels and affects the development and function of organs and tissues throughout the body.
  • 846
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TINF2 Gene
TERF1 interacting nuclear factor 2 (TINF2): The TINF2 gene provides instructions for making part of the shelterin protein complex.
  • 846
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Trisomy 18
Trisomy 18, also called Edwards syndrome, is a chromosomal condition associated with abnormalities in many parts of the body.
  • 845
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Weissenbacher-Zweymüller Syndrome
Infants born with Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome are smaller than average because the bones in their arms and legs are unusually short. The thigh and upper arm bones are wider than usual at the ends (described as dumbbell-shaped), and the bones of the spine (vertebrae) may also be abnormally shaped. High-frequency hearing loss occurs in some cases. Distinctive facial features include wide-set protruding eyes, a small and upturned nose with a flat bridge, and a small lower jaw. Some affected infants are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth (a cleft palate). Most people with Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome experience significant "catch-up" growth in the bones of the arms and legs during childhood. As a result, adults with this condition are not unusually short. However, affected adults still have other signs and symptoms of Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome, including distinctive facial features and hearing loss.
  • 845
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a condition that affects the bile ducts. These ducts carry bile (a fluid that helps to digest fats) from the liver, where bile is produced, to the gallbladder, where it is stored, and to the small intestine, where it aids in digestion. Primary sclerosing cholangitis occurs because of inflammation in the bile ducts (cholangitis) that leads to scarring (sclerosis) and narrowing of the ducts. As a result, bile cannot be released to the gallbladder and small intestine, and it builds up in the liver.
  • 845
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
PKP2 Gene
plakophilin 2
  • 845
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
NcRNAs/Splicing Activity in TGCTs
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common tumors in adolescent and young men. Recently, genome-wide studies have made it possible to progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of tumors. It is becoming increasingly clear that aberrant regulation of RNA metabolism can drive tumorigenesis and influence chemotherapeutic response. Notably, the expression of non-coding RNAs as well as specific splice variants is deeply deregulated in human cancers. Since these cancer-related RNA species are considered promising diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets, understanding their function in cancer development is becoming a major challenge.
  • 845
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Myoclonus-Dystonia
Myoclonus-dystonia is a movement disorder that typically affects the neck, torso, and arms. Individuals with this condition experience quick, involuntary muscle jerks or twitches (myoclonus). About half of individuals with myoclonus-dystonia develop dystonia, which is involuntary tensing of various muscles that causes unusual positioning. In myoclonus-dystonia, dystonia often affects one or both hands, causing writer's cramp, or the neck, causing the head to turn (torticollis).
  • 844
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Lymphedema-Distichiasis Syndrome
Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome is a condition that affects the normal function of the lymphatic system, which is a part of the circulatory and immune systems. The lymphatic system produces and transports fluids and immune cells throughout the body.
  • 844
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Nonsyndromic Holoprosencephaly
Nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly is an abnormality of brain development that also affects the head and face.
  • 844
  • 24 Dec 2020
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