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Topic Review
Integration of Light and Brassinosteroid Signaling
Light and brassinosteroid (BR) are external stimuli and internal cue respectively, that both play critical roles in a wide range of developmental and physiological process. Seedlings grown in the light exhibit photomorphogenesis, while BR promotes seedling etiolation. Light and BR oppositely control the development switch from skotomorphogenesis in the dark to photomorphogenesis in the light. Recent progress report that substantial components have been identified as hubs to integrate light and BR signals. Photomorphogenic repressors including COP1, PIFs, and AGB1 have been reported to elevate BR response, while photomorphogenesis-promoting factors such as HY5, BZS1, and NF-YCs have been proven to repress BR signal. 
  • 1.8K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Auxin Response Factors
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are an important family of transcription factors in the auxin signaling pathway that are involved in the exertion of auxin in plants and play a key role in regulating plant growth and development.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Piezoresistive and Piezoelectric Techniques
For piezoresistive sensors, conductive polymers such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), fiber-reinforced polymer (RFP), and Parylen-C polymer film can be used to increase sensor flexibility. For piezoelectric sensors, using piezoelectric ceramics such as ethyl cellulose-poly lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics (ECS-PolyPZT) and PZT-ferroperm as the sensing material can produce high piezoelectric coefficients.
  • 1.8K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
List of Gliders (L)
This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Abstract Syntax Notation One
Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a standard interface description language for defining data structures that can be serialized and deserialized in a cross-platform way. It is broadly used in telecommunications and computer networking, and especially in cryptography. Protocol developers define data structures in ASN.1 modules, which are generally a section of a broader standards document written in the ASN.1 language. The advantage is that the ASN.1 description of the data encoding is independent of a particular computer or programming language (other than ASN.1.) Because ASN.1 is both human-readable and machine-readable, an ASN.1 compiler can compile modules into libraries of code, CODECs, that decode or encode the data structures. Some ASN.1 compilers can produce code to encode or decode several encodings, e.g. packed, BER or XML. ASN.1 is a joint standard of the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) and ISO/IEC, originally defined in 1984 as part of CCITT X.409:1984. In 1988, ASN.1 moved to its own standard, X.208, due to wide applicability. The substantially revised 1995 version is covered by the X.680 series. The latest revision of the X.680 series of recommendations is the 5.0 Edition, published in 2015.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nominet UK
Nominet UK is the .uk domain name registry in the United Kingdom , which was founded by Dr Willie Black and five others on 14 May 1996 when its predecessor, the "Naming Committee" was unable to deal with the volume of registrations then being sought under the .uk domain. Nominet is a non-profit company limited by guarantee. It has members who act as shareholders, but without the right to participate in the profits of the company. Anyone can become a member, but most members are internet service providers who are also registrars. As one of the first professional ccTLD operators, Nominet became the model for many other operators worldwide. Customers wishing to register a domain do not approach Nominet directly but register the domain via a domain registrar – a business entity authorised by Nominet to register and manage .uk domains on behalf of customers. Registrars for .uk domains were formerly known as "tagholders". As of 2019, the .uk register held over 12,000,000 .uk domain names, making it the fourth largest ccTLD in the world. Nominet also deals with disputes about registrations of .uk domain names, via its Dispute Resolution Service (DRS) which is similar to the UDRP system used for generic Top Level Domain Names, but with certain innovations such as a free mediation service. Nominet, which operates the .uk domain, has launched a charitable foundation, the Nominet Trust, funded with Nominet grants.
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Risks of Mobile Phones for Children and Teenagers
Mobile phones have become ubiquitous in modern society, with many children and teenagers using them on a daily basis. However, there are growing concerns about the potential health risks associated with mobile phone use, particularly among young people. The risks of mobile phones for children and teenagers, including the potential for radiation exposure, impact on mental health, and effects on sleep were described. The strategies for reducing these risks and promoting safe mobile phone use among young people, as well as the countries and governments that are taking action to address this issue were discussed.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Factors Affecting the Quality of Canola Grains
Canola, Brassica napus L., is a major oilseed crop that has various uses in the food, feed, and industrial sectors. It is one of the most widely produced and consumed oilseeds in the world because of its high oil content and favorable fatty acid composition. Canola grains and their derived products, such as canola oil, meal, flour, and bakery products, have a high potential for food applications as they offer various nutritional and functional benefits. However, they are affected by various factors during the production cycle, post-harvest processing, and storage. These factors may compromise their quality and quantity by affecting their chemical composition, physical properties, functional characteristics, and sensory attributes. Therefore, it is important to optimize the production and processing methods of canola grains and their derived products to ensure their safety, stability, and suitability for different food applications. 
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Grus
Grus, the crane, is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. Named after the crane bird in Greek mythology, it is one of twelve constellations conceived by the Dutch astronomer Petrus Plancius.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Treatment of Human Head Lice
The treatment of human head lice infestation is a process for removing head lice parasites from human hair and it has been debated and studied for centuries. However, the number of cases of human louse infestations (or pediculosis) has increased worldwide since the mid-1960s, reaching hundreds of millions annually. There is no product or method which assures 100% destruction of the eggs and hatched lice after a single treatment. However, there are a number of treatment modalities that can be employed with varying degrees of success. These methods include chemical treatments, natural products, combs, shaving, hot air, and silicone-based lotions.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Implantable Electrodes for Neural Recording/Stimulation
Implantable electrodes represent a groundbreaking advancement in nervous system research, providing a pivotal tool for recording and stimulating human neural activity. This capability is integral for unraveling the intricacies of the nervous system’s functionality and for devising innovative treatments for various neurological disorders. Implantable electrodes offer distinct advantages compared to conventional recording and stimulating neural activity methods. Crucially, the development of implantable electrodes necessitates key attributes: flexibility, stability, and high resolution. Graphene emerges as a highly promising material for fabricating such electrodes due to its exceptional properties. It boasts remarkable flexibility, ensuring seamless integration with the complex and contoured surfaces of neural tissues. 
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Polarization Conversion from Anisotropy Media
Anisotropy of the transmission media exerts a strong influence on the reflection and transmission coefficients. Anomalous refraction yields the consequence of polarization conversion for the refracted wave. We discuss this important physical phenomenon by invoking practical interfaces between strongly anisotropic rocks, e.g., between O-shale and A-shale.  
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Digital Cloud Environment
This article addresses the challenges of a digital cloud environment when it comes to global scalability with a large number of remote servers and an unsecure public cloud, such as Amazon. The goal of the study was to work out an approach for evaluating the reasonable system capacity under heavy workload. For that purpose, Zabbix monitoring solution is used and business metrics are applied in relation to existing system ones. A prediction data model is proposed to compute the future forecast of the user activity based on the collected historical statistics and to verify whether capacity adjustment is possible or not. The results of capacity planning are implemented at Genesys International Telecommunications Company. System analysis of the production environment indicates the possibility to downscale the capacity of certain virtual servers, which allowed savings to the annual operational costs of $3500 (50%) for each affected server.
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Jun 2025
Topic Review
The TACTIC Telescope
The TACTIC (TeV Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope with Imaging Camera) is a ground-based gamma-ray telescope in India. The telescope was set up at Mount Abu (24.6∘ N, 72.7∘ E, 1300 m above sea level)  in 1997. The operating principle of TACTIC is based on the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique for indirect observation of the gamma-ray sky. Since its first light in 1997, the TACTIC telescope has been employed to explore the Universe at TeV energies and several outstanding results are derived from the TACTIC data.  
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Inequalities and Power in Digital Agriculture
There are several patterns of inequalities linked to the development and adoption of digital technologies in agriculture that can be observed across the globe: (1) in digital technology development; (2) in the distribution of benefits from the use of digital technologies; (3) in sovereignty over data, hardware and digital infrastructure; (4) in skills and knowledge (‘digital literacy’); and (5) in problem definition and problem-solving capacities. The existing inequalities are structural and represent expressions of corporate power. From such a perspective, digitalization in agriculture is not a ‘revolution’ per se; rather, digital technologies mirror and reproduce existing power relations. However, there are also emancipatory initiatives that are applying digital technologies to challenge existing inequalities and to advance alternative visions of agriculture. 
  • 1.7K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Microring Resonators
Microring resonators are fundamental components of any high-refractive-index-contrast photonic platform. They are a highly sought-after cavity component because of their ability to achieve on-chip field enhancement as well as spectral filtering and fast modulation of optical signals.
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Tagetes (Asteraceae)
The genus Tagetes, which includes plants known as ‘marigolds’, belongs to the Asteraceae family and contains more than 50 cultivated and wild species. Marigolds are native to America, but several species are naturalised in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Plants of the genus Tagetes are amongst the most widespread garden flowers worldwide. Marigolds are popular amongst gardeners due to their easy cultivation, wide adaptability, low demands for ecological and technological factors, and flower production throughout the year.
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Microbiome Research in Alopecia Areata
The continuous research advances in the microbiome field is changing clinicians’ points of view about the involvement of the microbiome in human health and disease, including autoimmune diseases such as alopecia areata (AA). Both gut and cutaneous dysbiosis have been considered to play roles in alopecia areata. A new approach is currently possible owing also to the use of omic techniques for studying the role of the microbiome in the disease by the deep understanding of microorganisms involved in the dysbiosis as well as of the pathways involved. These findings suggest the possibility to adopt a topical approach using either cosmetics or medical devices, to modulate or control, for example, the growth of overexpressed species using specific bacteriocins or postbiotics or with pH control. This will favour at the same time the growth of beneficial bacteria which, in turn, can impact positively both the structure of the scalp ecosystem on the host’s response to internal and external offenders.
  • 1.7K
  • 08 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Digital Droplet PCR in Hematologic Malignancies
Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) is a specific, accurate and time-saving technique capables of accurately quantifying gene expression or detecting point mutations applicable in several hematologic disorders, such as leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma, and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, and in transplant field. The ddPCR might provide useful informations in prognostic and therapeutic setting.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Biography
Tushar Kanti Das Roy
Tushar K. Das Roy, researcher and technologist, science popularizer, entrepreneur, was born in Bangladesh, India. He graduated from the University of Calcutta, India, where he received his Engineering Degree, later moved to Berlin, Germany and there he obtained his Diplomm-Ingenierung at the University of Berlin, Germany; his title of Dr.-Ing. he got it from TU-Clausthal, Germany. He worked
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Apr 2023
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