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Topic Review
Poultry Production in Developing Countries under COVID-19 Crisis
Poultry farming is a significant source of revenue generation for small farmers in developing countries. It plays a vital role in fulfilling the daily protein requirements of humans through meat and eggs consumption. The recently emerged pandemic Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) impacts the poultry production sector. Although the whole world is affected, these impacts may be more severe in developing countries due to their dependency on exporting necessary supplies such as feed, vaccines, drugs, and utensils. 
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis Route of C6F12O
C6F12O is in great demand on the market with its excellent environmental performance and broad application prospects. It is of great significance to the development of a synthetic route for C6F12O, suitable for industrial production.
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Plutoid
A plutoid or ice dwarf is a trans-Neptunian dwarf planet, i.e. a body orbiting beyond Neptune that is massive enough to be rounded in shape. The term plutoid was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) working group Committee on Small Bodies Nomenclature, but was rejected by the IAU working group Planetary System Nomenclature. The term plutoid is not widely used by astronomers, though ice dwarf is not uncommon. There are thought to be thousands of plutoids in the Solar System, although only four have been formally designated as such by the IAU. The IAU developed this category of astronomical objects as a consequence of its 2006 resolution defining the word "planet". The IAU's formal definition of "plutoid", announced 11 June 2008, is: In light of the difficulty of remotely ascertaining hydrostasis, the IAU only formally confers "dwarf planet" (and by extension, "plutoid") status to those bodies whose minimum estimated size is substantially greater than what is generally thought necessary to guarantee hydrostatic equilibrium. (As of 2009), Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake are the only objects officially recognized as plutoids, while upwards of seventy more bodies that currently lack formal recognition are thought likely to meet the definition, and can expect formal recognition at some time in the future. Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute believes the outer planets show signs of collisions with plutoids 1,000 to 2,000 kilometers in diameter: Uranus could have been tipped off its axis by a plutoid, and Triton, the largest moon of Neptune, is probably a captured plutoid from the Kuiper belt.
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Nanoparticles on Plants under Drought Stress
Drought is a chronic abiotic stress affecting crop growth and development, accounting for approximately 70% of the potential loss of global crop yield and productivity. Drought hinders agriculture and forestry worldwide, due to very little rainfall or significant differences in moisture. The current trends of global warming are causing a major impact on the moisture levels of the soil and the environment, and are increasing the intensity of droughts. Plants are subjected to various stresses during their growth, and the morphology of plants is affected at all stages of development due to drought stress, with productivity losses expected to reach 30% globally by 2025. 
  • 1.7K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
In all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries, the solid-state electrolyte is located between the cathode and the anode, acting as an electrolyte and a separator, so the performance of the solid-state electrolyte is crucial to the performance of the entire battery.
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Goose Meat as a Source of Dietary Manganese
Manganese is a trace element with essential physiological functions that should be supplied to animals and humans through diet. The primary source of manganese in the human diet is tea and plant products. Diversifying the diet with goose meat is also worthwhile because, unlike plant food, it does not contain substances that diminish bioavailability, such as fiber or phytates. As a natural source of this element, goose meat does not increase exposure to overconsumption, as can happen when consuming dietary supplements. Manganese content of domestic or wild goose meat depends on the type of muscles (more Mn in leg muscles), presence of skin (more Mn in skinless muscles), and thermal treatment (pan fried with oil, grilled, and cooked meat contains more).
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Physiological Measurement of Advertising Engagement
Advertising evokes emotional responses and triggers cognitive processes in consumers. This, in turn, influences individuals’ physiological responses and can provide new insights into consumer behavior. Owing to the steady development of wearable devices with physiological sensors, physiological signals may provide a way to directly and continuously measure the effects of ad exposure and thus better understand consumer behavior.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Functions of snoRNAs
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) constitute a class of intron-derived non-coding RNAs ranging from 60 to 300 nucleotides. snoRNAs canonically localize in the nucleolus where they play pivotal roles in pre-ribosomal RNA processing, guiding RNA modifications. Based on the type of modification they facilitate, namely methylation or pseudouridylation, they are classified into two main families—box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs. Investigations have revealed the unconventional synthesis and biogenesis strategies of snoRNAs, indicating more profound roles in pathogenesis than previously envisioned. 
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
July 1: Adoption of SOS as the International Distress Signal
SOS is a standardized Morse code distress signal consisting of three short dots, three long dashes, and three short dots (· · · — — — · · ·). Contrary to widespread misconception, the sequence is not an acronym for “Save Our Ship” or “Save Our Souls,” but was selected for its simplicity, rhythmic clarity, and high recognizability in radio transmission. On July 1, 1908, it was formally adopted as the international maritime distress signal, replacing a variety of competing calls and marking a milestone in the regulation of wireless telegraphy.
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Jul 2025
Topic Review
Microbial L-asparaginase Application in Food
L-asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia, which has been widely applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbes have advantages for L-asparaginase production, and there are several commercially available forms of L-asparaginase, all of which are derived from microbes. Generally, L-asparaginase has an optimum pH range of 5.0–9.0 and an optimum temperature of between 30 and 60 °C. However, the optimum temperature of L-asparaginase from hyperthermophilic archaea is considerable higher (between 85 and 100 °C). The native properties of the enzymes can be enhanced by using immobilization techniques. The stability and recyclability of immobilized enzymes makes them more suitable for food applications. 
  • 1.7K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Catalytic Ozonation and Membrane Contactors
Membrane filtration has been widely used in water and wastewater treatment. However, this process is not very effective for the removal of refractory organic compounds (e.g., of pharmaceutical origin). Alongside, ozonation is an efficient oxidative process, although ozone is considered to be a rather selective oxidant agent and sometimes it presents quite low mineralization rates. An improvement of this oxidation process is catalytic ozonation, which can degrade organic compounds via the acceleration of hydroxyl radicals’ production. The hydroxyl radicals are unselective oxidative species, presenting high reaction constants with organic compounds. An efficient way to couple membrane filtration with catalytic ozonation is the deposition of an appropriate solid catalyst onto the membrane surface. Catalytic membrane ozonation can enhance the degradation of these compounds and, subsequently, the incidence of membrane fouling (i.e., the major problem of membrane uses).
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Confocal Microscopy
Confocal microscopy, most frequently Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) or Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy (LCSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing the optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light or glare in image formation.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Fall Detection and Prevention
A fall can be described as an unpredicted event leading the participants to rest on the lower level (ground or floor). As a result, it causes injuries that can often be fatal. Psychological grievances are also considered as the consequence of falls. People may suffer from anxiety, depression, activity restriction, and fear of falling. The primary physiological issue in older adults is fear of falling, restricting their Activities of Daily Life (ADL). This fear leads to activity restriction, which may lead to inadequate gait balance and weakened muscle that affects the mobility and independence of older adults. Therefore, remote/wearable technologies are required to track, detect, and prevent falls for improving the overall quality of life (QoL). For this purpose, understanding of falls can be classified as fall prevention and fall detection. Fall detection refers to the detection of a fall using sensors/cameras to summon help. In contrast, fall prevention aims to avert falls by observing human locomotion. Numerous systems have been developed using different sensors and algorithms to detect and prevent the fall.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea in women of childbearing age. It is a reversible disorder caused by stress related to weight loss, excessive exercise and/or traumatic mental experiences. The basis of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is hormonal, based on impaired pulsatile GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus, then decreased secretion of gonadotropins, and, consequently, impaired hormonal function of the ovaries. This disorder leads to hypoestrogenism, manifested by a disturbance of the menstrual cycle in the form of amenorrhea, leading to anovulation. Prolonged state of hypoestrogenism can be very detrimental to general health, leading to many harmful short- and long-term consequences. 
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Management of Pike in Alaska
Northern pike are an invasive species in southcentral Alaska and have caused the decline and extirpation of salmonids and other native fish populations across the region. Northern pike control actions are tailored to the unique conditions of waters prioritized for their management, and all efforts support the goal of preventing further spread of this invasive aquatic apex predator to vulnerable waters.
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations
Marginal zone (MZ) B-cells are innate-like, and possess a polyreactive B-cell receptor (BCR) and several pattern recognition receptors (PRR). They are known to generate low-affinity first-line antibody responses against invading pathogens such as encapsulated bacteria. Unfortunately, deregulations affecting MZ B-cell populations have been reported in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other chronic inflammatory conditions. 
  • 1.7K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Use of Food Delivery Apps
The pandemic forced both organizations and consumers to make many adjustments to their daily lives. However, due the technological advances that have been seen in recent years, some tools have become much more widely used. Among them are the food delivery applications (FDAs) that experienced an exponential growth during the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of food delivery applications (FDAs) has not only met the requirements of businesses but also the demands of customers for convenient food supplies and personal safety concerns since these applications allow customers to effectively and easily order and access their food from several restaurants at convenient times and locations
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Life Subjective Expectations from Hosting Mega-Events
Mega-events can bring significant changes to local communities, such as infrastructure improvement, which brings the host country economic benefits, and international publicity and voluntary participation, which change the consciousness of residents and promote consensus-building. 
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Drama Therapy for Children Adolescents with Psychosocial Problems
Drama therapy is applied to children and adolescents with psychosocial problems. Drama therapy is an experiential form of treatment which methodologically uses drama and theatre processes to achieve psychological growth. Positive effects were found on overall psychosocial problems, internalizing and externalizing problems, social functioning, coping and regulation processes, social identity, and cognitive development. An adaptive approach was mentioned as the therapeutic attitude. The means established contribute to a dramatic reality, which triggers the mechanisms of change. These are processes that arise during treatment and which facilitate therapeutic change. 
  • 1.7K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Climate Change Education (CCE)
Climate Change Education (CCE) is learning geared toward helping people address and develop effective responses to climate change. It helps learners understand the causes and consequences of climate change, prepares them to live with the impacts of climate change and empowers learners to take appropriate actions to adopt more sustainable lifestyles. CCE helps policy-makers understand the urgency and importance of putting mechanisms into place to combat climate change on a national and global scale. Communities learn about how climate change will affect them, what they can do to protect themselves from negative consequences, and how they can reduce their own climate footprint. In particular, CCE helps increase the resilience of already vulnerable communities who are the most likely to be adversely affected by climate change. CCE is rooted in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD).
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Nov 2022
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