Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Thymus
The trend for thymoma surgery has been to increase utilization of minimally invasive options for resection; however, the primary objective should be to perform an oncological resection. One must consider the stage of tumor, presence of myasthenia gravis, presence of lymphadenopathy, and size of thymoma prior to deciding optimum surgical strategy.
  • 750
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence for Surgeons
Computer vision (CV) is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that deals with the automatic analysis of videos and images. Recent advances in AI and CV methods coupled with the growing availability of surgical videos of minimally invasive procedures have led to the development of AI-based algorithms to improve surgical care.
  • 748
  • 27 Aug 2022
Topic Review
EPPOCRATIS
Finally, EPPOCRATIS is an in-house (point-of-care) process that can be completed in 24-48 hours, allowing precise and expedited care of facial trauma patients. Bypassing outsourcing to third-party companies allows for the implementation of VSP/3DP in the acute trauma setting during the same hospitalization of trauma patients. Potential challenges with building an in-house VSP/3DP also exist including cost and personnel. However, as the technology becomes more readily available and cheaper, it will become more utilized in large volume centers.   
  • 744
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Anastomotic leaks after gastrointestinal surgery have an important impact on surgical outcomes because of the high morbidity and mortality rates. Multiple treatment options exist requiring an individualized patient-tailored treatment plan after multidisciplinary discussion. Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is a novel treatment option that is nowadays recognized as an effective and useful endoscopic approach to treat leaks or perforations in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract.
  • 742
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Hybrid Breast Reconstruction
Lipofilling is a commonly performed procedure worldwide for breast augmentation and correction of breast contour deformities. In breast reconstruction, fat grafting has been used as a single reconstructive technique, as well as in combination with other procedures. 
  • 735
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Antibiotic Cement and Spine Surgery
Antibiotic bone cement (ABC) is an effective tool for the prophylaxis and treatment of osteomyelitis due to the controlled, sustained release of local antibiotics. ABC has been proven to be effective in the orthopedic fields of arthroplasty and extremity trauma, but the adoption of ABC in spine surgery is limited. The characteristics of ABC make it an optimal solution for treating vertebral osteomyelitis (VO), a serious complication following spine surgery, typically caused by bacterial and sometimes fungal and parasitic pathogens.
  • 731
  • 24 Jun 2022
Biography
Igor A. Kryvoruchko
Professor Dr. Igor A. Kryvoruchko was born on January 18, 1960. After completing his studies at Kharkiv Medical Institute in 1983, Professor started his medical career as a specialist in surgery. From 1983 to 2004 he worked as a surgeon-researcher and a vice-director at the Institute of General and Urgent Surgery named after V.T. Zaitsev of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Ukraine. From
  • 731
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fibrinogen-Thrombin-Impregnated Collagen Patch
Surgery for major salivary gland tumors, including parotidectomy, is routinely performed by head and neck surgeons.
  • 730
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Riedel’s Thyroiditis
Riedel’s thyroiditis (RT), being strongly connected with positive antibodies against the thyroid, has been traditionally regarded as a particular type of autoimmune thyroiditis. RT was assimilated into the larger spectrum of immunoglobulin IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and, recently (in 2021), a proposal was released to designate a particular framework, namely, IgG4-related thyroid disease (IgG4-RTD) with four underlying entities: IgG4-mediated RT, IgG4-associated Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (and its fibrotic variant), and IgG4-related Graves’s disease.
  • 729
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Robotic Approach in Liver Surgery
In parallel with the historical development of minimally invasive surgery, the laparoscopic and robotic approaches are now frequently utilized to perform major abdominal surgical procedures. Nevertheless, the role of the robotic approach in liver surgery is still controversial, and a standardized, safe technique has not been defined yet. Minimally invasive liver surgery has been extensively associated with benefits, in terms of less blood loss, and lower complication rates, including liver-specific complications such as clinically relevant bile leakage and post hepatectomy liver failure, when compared to open liver surgery. Furthermore, comparable R0 resection rates to open liver surgery have been reported, thus, demonstrating the safety and oncological efficiency of the minimally invasive approach. 
  • 728
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Infection of Vascular Prostheses
Vascular graft or endograft infection (VGEI) is a complex disease that complicates vascular-surgery and endovascular-surgery procedures and determines high morbidity and mortality.
  • 727
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Safety and Efficacy of Laparoscopic Caudate Lobectomy
Resection of the caudate lobe of the liver is considered a highly challenging type of liver resection due to the region’s intimacy with critical vascular structures and deep anatomic location inside the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopic resection of the caudate lobe is considered one of the most challenging laparoscopic liver procedures. 
  • 726
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Classifications and Treatments for Gliomas
Gliomas pose a significant challenge to neurosurgical oncology because of their diverse histopathological features, genetic heterogeneity, and clinical manifestations. Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular pathways of glioma, translating this knowledge into effective long-term solutions remains a challenge. 
  • 726
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Speed_Bump_Sign as a Diagnostic Tool for Acute Appendicitis
The ‘speed bump sign’ is a clinical symptom characterised by aggravated abdominal pain while driving over speed bumps. The speed bump sign is a useful ‘rule-out’ test for diagnosing acute appendicitis. With good accessibility, the speed bump sign may be added as a routine part of taking the history of patients with abdominal pain.
  • 720
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
AI for Preoperative Measurements in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is widely used in clinical practice as an effective treatment for end-stage knee joint lesions. It can effectively correct joint deformities, relieve painful symptoms, and improve joint function. The reconstruction of lower extremity joint lines and soft tissue balance are important factors related to the durability of the implant; therefore, it is especially important to measure the joint lines and associated angles before TKA. 
  • 718
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Connectome-Based Neurosurgery in Primary Intra-Axial Neoplasms
Despite the therapeutical advancements in the surgical treatment of primary intra-axial neoplasms, which determined both a significative improvement in overall survival (OS) and QoL and a reduction in the incidence of surgery-induced major neurological deficits, nowadays patients continue to manifest subtle post-operative neurocognitive impairments, preventing them from a full reintegration back into social life and into the workforce. The birth of connectomics paved the way for a profound reappraisal of the traditional conception of brain architecture, in favour of a model based on large-scale structural and functional interactions of a complex mosaic of cortical areas organized in a fluid network interconnected by subcortical bundles.
  • 714
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Metabolic Bariatric Surgery
Despite worldwide public attention and intense medical efforts, the prevalence of severe morbid obesity in children and adolescents is still rising. Similar to adults, excess adipose tissue triggers multiple immunological and metabolic pathways leading to serious co-morbidities such as impaired glucose tolerance or even type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hyperuricemia. The management of severe childhood obesity requires a life-long multidisciplinary approach with a combination of lifestyle changes, nutrition, and medications. Standardized life-style intervention programs remain the first-line treatment for morbid obese children and adolescents, but unfortunately reveal limited long-term success. In such cases, metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) has evolved from being a controversial issue to being included in distinct recommendations. 
  • 707
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Morphological Variation of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Neck
Hostile aortic neck characteristics, such as short length and large diameter, have been associated with type Ia endoleaks and reintervention after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, such characteristics partially describe the complex aortic neck morphology. The statistical shape model (SSM) of the infrarenal neck is an objective model that provides a quantitative description of the 3D neck morphology of an individual patient.
  • 707
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
History of Preoperative Planning for Breast Reconstruction
Breast reconstruction is an essential component in the multidisciplinary management of breast cancer patients. Over the years, preoperative planning has played a pivotal role in assisting surgeons in planning operative decisions prior to the day of surgery. The evolution of preoperative planning can be traced back to the introduction of modalities such as ultrasound and colour duplex ultrasonography, enabling surgeons to evaluate the donor site’s vasculature and thereby plan operations more accurately. However, the limitations of these techniques paved the way for the implementation of modern three-dimensional imaging technologies. With the advancements in 3D imaging, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, surgeons gained the ability to obtain detailed anatomical information. Moreover, numerous adjuncts have been developed to aid in the planning process. The integration of 3D-printing technologies has made significant contributions, enabling surgeons to create complex haptic models of the underlying anatomy. Direct infrared thermography provides a non-invasive, visual assessment of abdominal wall vascular physiology. Additionally, augmented reality technologies are poised to reshape surgical planning by providing an immersive and interactive environment for surgeons to visualize and manipulate 3D reconstructions. Still, the future of preoperative planning in breast reconstruction holds immense promise. 
  • 703
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Relevance of Digitalization in Spine Surgery
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence and refers to computer techniques that allow complex tasks to be solved in a reproducible and standardized way. Healthcare systems worldwide generate vast amounts of data from many different sources. Although of high complexity for a human being, it is essential to determine the patterns and minor variations in the genomic, radiological, laboratory, or clinical data that reliably differentiate phenotypes or allow high predictive accuracy in health-related tasks. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are increasingly applied to image data for various tasks. Its use for non-imaging data becomes feasible through different modern machine learning techniques, converting non-imaging data into images before inputting them into the CNN model. Considering also that healthcare providers do not solely use one data modality for their decisions, this approach opens the door for multi-input/mixed data models which use a combination of patient information, such as genomic, radiological, and clinical data, to train a hybrid deep learning model. Thus, this reflects the main characteristic of artificial intelligence: simulating natural human behavior. 
  • 702
  • 16 May 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 11
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback

Quick Survey

Encyclopedia MDPI is conducting a targeted survey to identify the specific barriers hindering efficient research. We invite you to spend 3 minutes defining the priorities for our next generation of structured knowledge tools.
Take Survey