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Topic Review
Outcomes of Titanium and Zirconia Implant Abutments
The characteristics of the implant prosthetic abutment are an influential factor which may impact early bone remodeling and soft tissue integration. The abutment material influences the response of both the soft and hard tissues surrounding an implant, making the choice of the prosthetic abutment a crucial phase for the success of implant-supported rehabilitations.
  • 685
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Accuracy of 3-Dimensionally Printed Full-Arch Dental Models
Accuracy of 3D printed models varied widely between <100 to >500 μm with the majority of models deemed of clinically acceptable accuracy. The smallest (3.3 μm) and largest (579 μm) mean errors were produced by SLA printers. For digital light processing (DLP), majority of investigated printers (n = 6/8) produced models with <100 μm accuracy. Manufacturing parameters, including layer thickness, base design, postprocessing and storage, significantly influenced the model’s accuracy. 
  • 683
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Biomimetic Implant Surfaces
The increased use of dental implants in oral rehabilitation has been followed by the development of new biomaterials as well as improvements in the performance of biomaterials already in use inspired by the properties of the tissues to be replaced. An implant is considered osseointegrated when there is no relative movement between the implant and the bone and no symptoms under a loading force. It is now known that surface topography is one of the key biomimetic factors that can directly affect the proliferation, structure, and alignment of human cells and their function and is also considered to be a critical determinant of cell adhesion.
  • 683
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Implant Fracture
Implants fracture is a rare but possible complication that leads to implants failure after prostheses delivery. Fracture involves the forced separation of the implant neck into two or more parts. Mechanical properties play a key role in the failure of dental implant systems.
  • 677
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Effects of Prosthetic Restorative Biomaterials on the Periodontium
The success of a prosthetic treatment is closely related to the periodontal health of the individual. The periodontium constitutes the tissues that support the teeth. It is made up of two soft tissues (which are the gingiva and periodontal ligament) and two hard tissues (which are the root cementum and alveolar bone).
  • 676
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Photobiomodulation in Tooth Surgery
The surgical extraction of the lower third molars is widely practiced in oral surgery. Subsequent inflammatory complications such as pain, facial swelling, and trismus can negatively affect the quality of life of the patients. Non-medication methods used to minimize tissue injury after third-molar extraction and without side effects include the use of photobiomodulation.
  • 673
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Endotoxin-Secreting Bacteria in Periodontal Disease
The LPS is recognized by the complex TLR4/MD2, mediated by CD14 and accessory protein LBP, which induces the activation of several transcriptional regulators like factor nuclear kB (NF-kB), activator protein 1 (AP-1) and interferon (IFN) regulatory factors, leading to the expression of genes involved in the host immune response.
  • 672
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Barrier Membrane in Regenerative Therapy
Guided bone and tissue regeneration remains an integral treatment modality to regenerate bone surrounding teeth and dental implants. Barrier membranes have been developed and produced commercially to allow space for bone regeneration and prevent the migration of unwanted cells. Ideal membrane properties, including biocompatibility, sufficient structural integrity and suitable shelf life with easy clinical application, are important to ensure good clinical regenerative outcomes. Membranes have various types, and their clinical application depends on the origin, material, structure and properties. 
  • 672
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Oral mucositis
Oral mucositis (OM) is a common side effect of cancer therapies. It causes ulcerative, painful lesions in the oral cavity that can provoke malnutrition, increased risk of infection, longer hospital stays, and seriously affect the quality of life. Cooling the mucosa with oral cryotherapy (OC) during and/or after chemotherapy is the most accessible and tolerable intervention available. The aim of this study is to define the efficacy of OC for preventing OM induced by chemotherapy/radiotherapy in adult patients with cancer. Secondary endpoints include associated problems as pain
  • 664
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment
5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) is a therapeutic option for a variety of cutaneous and internal malignancies. PDT uses a photosensitizer that, activated by light in the presence of molecule oxygen, forms ROS, which are responsible for the apoptotic activity of the malignant tissues. 5-ALA is usually used as an endogenous pro-photosensitizer because it is converted to Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which enters into the process of heme synthesis and contextually becomes a photosensitizer, radiating a red fluorescent light. PDT has the benefit of being administered before or after chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, without impairing the efficacy of these treatment techniques. Furthermore, sensitivity to PDT is unaffected by the negative effects of chemotherapy or radiation. 
  • 661
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Hepatitis Type B and D in Oral Implications
Periodontitis is characterized by low-grade inflammation of the periodontal tissues, the structures that support and connect the teeth to the maxilla and mandible. This inflammation is caused by the accumulation of subgingival bacterial biofilm and gradually leads to the extensive damage of these tissues and the consequent loss of teeth. Hepatitis B is a major global health concern; infection with the hepatitis B virus causes significant inflammation of the liver and the possibility of its gradual evolution to cirrhosis. Hepatitis D, caused by infection with the delta hepatitis virus, is manifest only in patients already infected with the type B virus in a simultaneous (co-infected) or superimposed (superinfected) manner.
  • 658
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Complicated Ocular Disorders
Apart from the more common ocular disorders, there are some genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, that develop ocular disorders as secondary effects as long as the disease progresses. In those cases, Magnetic Nanoparticles can be used as potent drug carriers and magnetic hyperthermia agents due to their response to an external magnetic field. 
  • 654
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Buccal Bone Thickness in Anterior and Posterior Teeth
The Buccal Bone Thickness (BBT) of maxillary premolar teeth was 1.40 ± 0.75 mm in the region of the alveolar crest, 1.28 ± 0.80 mm at the medial area of the radix, and 1.84 ± 1.16 mm at the apex. Maxillary molar teeth showed a BBT of 1.42 ± 0.74 at the alveolar crest, 1.56 ± 1.05 in the middle part, and 2.78 ± 2.04 mm at the apex. In the mandible, the value distributions were: 0.95 ± 0.58 mm between the crestal part of the root and the surface of the buccal bone, 0.92 ± 0.66 mm at 4 to 9 mm apically to the alveolar crest, and 2.90 ± 1.58 mm at the apex of the radix.
  • 654
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Rare Genetic Syndromes and Oral Anomalies
Rare genetic syndromes, conditions with a global average prevalence of 40 cases/100,000 people, are associated with anatomical, physiological, and neurological anomalies that may affect different body districts, including the oral district.
  • 653
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Punica granatum as Anticandidal and Anti-HIV Agent
The oral cavity is crucial from diagnosis to adherence to HAART therapy in the HIV/AIDS population; consequently, drugs that can maintain healthy conditions in the oral cavity are necessary for patients with HIV/AIDS. Punica granatum (pomegranate) is a tree that has been employed extensively for centuries in the traditional medicine of ancient cultures for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including oral and dental diseases. Its potent anticandidal properties have been shown, especially on Candida albicans, the cause of the most common clinical manifestation in HIV patients. 
  • 653
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Current Trends in Skeletal Borderline Patients
Skeletal balance, functional occlusion, and facial harmony are common goals in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. However, the boundary line for the decision between orthodontic and surgical treatment remains very controversial in adult borderline patients. Up to 10% of orthodontically treated patients are borderline and may have been treated either way (both with camouflage and orthognathic surgery). It is suggested that orthodontic camouflage of skeletal malocclusions would have acceptable results if there were an average or short facial pattern, mild anteroposterior jaw discrepancy, dental crowding lower than 4–6 mm, normal soft tissue features (nose, lips, chin), and no transverse skeletal problems. Poor results would be expected with the following: a long vertical facial pattern, moderate or severe antero-posterior jaw discrepancy, dental crowding greater than 4–6 mm, exaggerated facial features, and a transverse skeletal discrepancy.
  • 649
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Peri-Implantitis Regenerative Therapy
Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the soft and hard tissues around dental implants. This review will focus on the regenerative treatment of peri-implant osseous defects in order to provide some evidence that can aid clinicians in the approach to peri-implant disease treatment. 
  • 647
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
The Morphology of Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors
There is no difference between impacted teeth and their contralateral crowns, or a minor decrease in impacted maxillary central incisors (ICI) crown length (from 0.15 to 0.56 mm). The root lengths of impacted maxillary central incisors were considerably shorter than contralateral incisors (from 2.13 to 3.22 mm) and, as dental age increased, root growth decreased and the incidence of root dilaceration was more frequent.
  • 647
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
3D-Printed Splints Therapy for Temporomandibular Disorders
In the field of dentistry, digital technology is developing very quickly. There is an increasing demand for the most efficient use of expensive digital equipment. More and more dental practices are using digital scanners and digital facebows. It is an excellent option to improve 3D splint therapy in temporomandibular disorders. Dental offices and dental laboratories will rapidly adopt 3D-printed orthodontic appliances. The benefits are its accuracy and a light workload. It is precise, long-lasting, less expensive and quicker than the conventional method.
  • 646
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Periodontitis
Over 65 components detected in oral fluid have been examined as possible markers for the progression of periodontitis.
  • 640
  • 25 Apr 2021
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