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Topic Review
Metal-Free Carbon-Based Supercapacitors-A Comprehensive Review
This state-of-the-art entry aims to highlight  advances in metal-free carbon-based supercapacitors over the last 20 years. Author discuss the various types of carbons (without metals) used (activated, nanoforms of carbon, and doped carbons) as well as key parameters in supercapacitor performance such as surface area, porosity, and functional groups.
  • 1.8K
  • 18 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Annin Rich Extracts Traditional Applications
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs.
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Feb 2021
Topic Review
High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells
This review summarizes the current status, operating principles, and recent advances in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs), with a particular focus on the recent developments, technical challenges and commercial prospects of the HT-PEM fuel cells. A detailed review of the most recent research activities has been covered by this work, with a major focus on the state-of-the-art concepts describing the proton conductivity and degradation mechanisms of HT-PEMs. Also, the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of HT-PEM fuel cells as a function of operating conditions have been discussed. In addition, the review will highlight the important outcomes found in recent literature about the HT-PEM fuel cell. The main objectives of this review paper will be as follows: (1) the latest development of the HT-PEMs, primarily based on polybenzimidazole membranes, (2) the latest development of the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of the HT-PEMs.
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Physical Activity among Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low levels of physical activity (PA). Understanding factors influencing the PA participation of this population is essential to the design of effective interventions. Continued exploration of factors influencing PA participation is required among children and adolescents with ID. Future interventions should involve families, schools, and wider support network in promoting their PA participation together. 
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Centro Del Calamar Gigante
Centro del Calamar Gigante (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈθentɾo del kalaˈmaɾ xiˈɡante]; lit. Giant Squid Centre)[nb 2] was a natural history museum located in Luarca, Asturias, Spain . It was administered by the marine conservation group CEPESMA (es)[nb 3] and held the association's cephalopod collections together with other marine exhibits. It was described as the only museum in the world dedicated to the giant squid (Architeuthis dux)[nb 4] and held one of the world's most important collections of large cephalopods, including the largest collection of giant squid on public display. Opened in August 2010, the museum was badly damaged by a storm in November of the same year and largely destroyed by another storm in February 2014. As the museum had been a major tourist attraction and an important contributor to Luarca's economy, there was strong local support for its reconstruction or relocation. After several years without progress, two proposals for relocation—first to an adjacent warehouse and later to a former cinema—were put forward and then abandoned, before the local government settled on its current plan to move the museum to a former nightclub. It is set to reopen in summer 2022.
  • 1.8K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Multiphysics
Multiphysics is defined as the coupled processes or systems involving more than one simultaneously occurring physical field and the studies of and knowledge about these processes and systems. As an interdisciplinary study area, multiphysics spans over many science and engineering disciplines. Multiphysics is a practice built on mathematics, physics, application, and numerical analysis. The mathematics involved usually contains partial differential equations and tensor analysis. The physics refers to common types of physical processes, e.g., heat transfer (thermo-), pore water movement (hydro-), concentration field (concentro or diffuso/convecto/advecto), stress and strain (mechano-), dynamics (dyno-), chemical reactions (chemo- or chemico-), electrostatics (electro-), neutronics (neutro-), and magnetostatics (magneto-).
  • 1.8K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Alsophila Dealbata
Alsophila dealbata, synonym Cyathea dealbata, commonly known as the silver fern or silver tree-fern, or as ponga /ˈpɒŋə/ or punga /ˈpʌŋə/ (from Māori kaponga or ponga), is a species of medium-sized tree fern, endemic to New Zealand. The fern is usually recognisable by the silver-white colour of the under-surface of mature fronds. It is a symbol commonly associated with the country both overseas and by New Zealanders themselves.
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Utility of Chinese Versions of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination
Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination (ACE) is a cognitive screening tool that has developed through three stages: ACE, ACE-Revised (ACE-R), and ACE-Ⅲ. In addition, mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and ACE mobile are the additional versions that is derived from ACE-III. ACE and its related versions show better performance than Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in detecting mild cognitive impairment in different neurological disorders. It has been translated into numerous languages, including Chinese.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Abiotic Stress Response in Cereal Crops
Cereals have evolved various tolerance mechanisms to cope with abiotic stress. Understanding the abiotic stress response mechanism of cereal crops at the molecular level offers a path to high-yielding and stress-tolerant cultivars to sustain food and nutritional security. In this regard, enormous progress has been made in the omics field in the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Omics approaches generate a massive amount of data, and adequate advancements in computational tools have been achieved for effective analysis. 
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Facet (Psychology)
In psychology, a facet is a specific and unique aspect of a broader personality trait. Both the concept and the term "facet" were introduced by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae in the first edition of the NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) Manual. Facets were originally elaborated only for the neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion traits; Costa and McCrae introduced facet scales for the agreeableness and conscientiousness traits in the Revised NEO-PI (NEO PI-R). Each of the Big Five personality traits in the five factor model contains six facets, each of which is measured with a separate scale. The use of facets and facet scales has since expanded beyond the NEO PI-R, with alternative facet and domain structures derived from other models of personality. Examples include the HEXACO model of personality structure, psycholexical studies, circumplex models (e.g., Goldberg's Abridged Big-Five Dimensional Circumplex), the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), and the California Psychological Inventory.
  • 1.8K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Curcumin–Cyclodextrin Supramolecular System
Supramolecular systems are based on molecular recognition, in which two or more molecules are bound by intermolecular non-covalent bonding forces to form complex and ordered entities or aggregates with specific functions and properties.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Anisakis
Anisakis is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may subsequently have an allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, after eating fish infected with Anisakis species.
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
RGO-Loaded Metal-Oxide Nanofiber Gas Sensors
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a reduced form of graphene oxide used extensively in gas sensing applications. However, in its pristine form, graphene has some shortages and thus, it is generally utilized in combination with other metal oxides to improve gas sensing capabilities. There are different ways of adding rGO to different metal oxides with various morphologies. This study focuses on rGO-loaded metal oxide nanofiber (NF) synthesized using an electrospinning method. Different amounts of rGO were added to the metal oxide precursors, and after electrospinning, the gas response is enhanced through different sensing mechanisms. 
  • 1.8K
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Bell Ihua
Dr. Bell Ihua (born Ugwushi Bellema Ihua, December 20, 1979) is the Executive Director at Africa Polling Institute (API), an independent, non-profit and non-partisan public opinion think-tank, which conducts opinion polls, surveys, social research and evaluation studies at the intersection of democracy, governance, economic conditions and public life. He is a seasoned social researcher, public opinion pollster, survey expert, management consultant, and adjunct professor. Dr. Ihua is involved in the general management of the Institute's day-to-day operations. Prior to joining API, he was CEO of Nigeria's premier opinion polling company, NOI Polls Limited. He also served as Principal Consultant at DBI Analytics Consulting; and currently serves on the Boards of SMYLE Africa Group and Dumena Code Academy.
  • 1.8K
  • 02 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Acute Stress Disorder
Acute stress disorder (ASD, also known as acute stress reaction, psychological shock, mental shock, or simply shock) is a psychological response to a terrifying, traumatic, or surprising experience. Acute stress disorder is not fatal, but it may bring about delayed stress reactions (better known as posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD) if not correctly addressed.
  • 1.8K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Paging
In computer operating systems, paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage[lower-alpha 1] for use in main memory. In this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks called pages. Paging is an important part of virtual memory implementations in modern operating systems, using secondary storage to let programs exceed the size of available physical memory. For simplicity, main memory is called "RAM" (an acronym of "random-access memory") and secondary storage is called "disk" (a shorthand for "hard disk drive, drum memory or solid-state drive"), but the concepts do not depend on whether these terms apply literally to a specific computer system.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Audio Extensions
The Environmental Audio Extensions (or EAX) are a number of digital signal processing presets for audio, present in Creative Technology Sound Blaster sound cards starting with the Sound Blaster Live and the Creative NOMAD/Creative ZEN product lines. Due to the release of Windows Vista in 2007, which deprecated the DirectSound3D API that EAX was based on, Creative discouraged EAX implementation in favour of its OpenAL-based EFX equivalent – though at that point relatively few games used the API.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
DAvE (Infineon)
DAVE (Infineon) Digital Application Virtual Engineer (DAVE), is a C/C++-language software development and code generation tool for microcontroller applications. DAVE is a standalone system with automatic code generation modules. It is suited for the development of software drivers for Infineon microcontrollers and aids the developer with automatically created C-level templates and user desired functionalities. Latest releases of DAVE include all required parts to develop code, compile and debug on the target for free (based on the ARM GCC toolsuite). Together with several low-cost development boards one can get involved in microcontroller design very easy. This makes Infineon microcontroller products also more usable to small companies and to home-use / DIY projects - similar to established products of Atmel (AVR, SAM) and Microchip (PIC, PIC32) to name a few. DAVE was developed by Infineon Technologies. Therefore, the automatic code generator supports only Infineon microcontrollers. The user also has to get used to the concept of the Eclipse IDE. The generated code can be also used on other (often non-free) development environments from Keil, Tasking and so on.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Korg Wavestation
The Korg Wavestation is a vector synthesis synthesizer first produced in the early 1990s and later re-released as a software synthesizer in 2004. Its primary innovation was Wave Sequencing, a method of multi-timbral sound generation in which different PCM waveform data are played successively, resulting in continuously evolving sounds. The Wavestation's "Advanced Vector Synthesis" sound architecture resembled early vector synths such as the Sequential Circuits Prophet VS. Designed as a "pure" synthesizer rather than a music workstation, it lacked an on-board song sequencer, yet the Wavestation, unlike any synthesizer prior to its release, was capable of generating complex, lush timbres and rhythmic sequences that sounded like a complete soundtrack by pressing only one key. Keyboard Magazine readers gave the Wavestation its "Hardware Innovation of the Year" award, and in 1995 Keyboard listed it as one of the "20 Instruments that Shook the World." The Wavestation lineup consisted of four models: the Wavestation and Wavestation EX keyboards, and the Wavestation A/D and Wavestation SR rackmount sound modules.
  • 1.8K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Notch Signaling in Inflammatory Diseases
Notch signaling, a highly conserved pathway in mammals, is crucial for differentiation and homeostasis of immune cells. The spectrum of diseases is as broad as the cellular functions controlled by Notch signaling. In various types of cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, and inherited disease syndromes, Notch signaling has been found to exert a detrimental impact as well as in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary biliary cirrhosis, and atherosclerosis. 
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Feb 2023
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